The Influence of Malay Culture in Inheritance Distribution in Malaysia
(Pengaruh Budaya Melayu dalam Gelagat Pembahagian Harta Pusaka di Malaysia)
Abstract
The Malays have specific practices normally termed as "Malay culture", "Malay behaviour" or "Malay customs". One element related to such practices is the distribution of inheritance. Influences from these customary practices do not merely affect the method of distribution but also the trend in managing the distribution as well. In practice, this influence supersedes laws as ordained by religion. One example is an estate that is divided equally among brothers and sisters. Normally, apportionment of an estate is not executed until a couple is deceased. This hybrid practice shows there is cultural assimilation in religious practices. Such practices have seeped into the community, so much so that some members of the community are no longer able to differentiate between culture and religion. As such, this research aims to expose the fusion of custom and common practice, as well as its impact on the culture of the Malays in Malaysia. The observation focused on a comparative method between Islamic law and customary practice, especially in the distribution of inheritance. The findings present the cultural practices of the Malays with regard to custom and religion in Malaysia, and outlines steps to be taken to ensure such assimilated practices are in line with Islamic law.
Keywords: Malay, custom, inheritance, attitude, Islamic law
References
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Enakmen Tanah Rezab Melayu 1930.
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G. E. Lenski, 1966. Power and Privileges - A Theory of Social Stratification. New York: McGraw Hill.
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Mahathir Mohamad, 1970. The Malay Dilemma. Singapore-Kuala Lumpur: Times Books International.
Marger, M. N., 2003. Race and Ethnic Relations: America and Global Perspectives. USA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning
Mohamad Abu Bakar, 1989. "Pemodenan, Pengislaman dan Kebebasan Wanita Melayu" dlm. Ismail Hussein, Aziz Deraman dan Abdul Rahman al-Ahmadi, Tamadun Melayu. Jilid 1. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohd. Ridhuan Tee Abdullah, "Cabaran Integrasi antara Kaum di Malaysia: Perspektif Sejarah, Keluarga dan Pendidikan" dlm. Jurnal Hadhari Bil. 3, 2010.
Mohd. Taib Osman, 1989. "Agama dan Kepercayaan Orang Melayu: Organisasi dan Struktur" dlm. Masyarakat Melayu Struktur, Organisasi dan Manifestasi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
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Perkara 160, Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
R. Dahrendorf, 1969. "On the Origin of Inequality Among Men" dlm. Andre Befeille (ed.), Social Inequality. Great Britain: Penguin Modern Sociology Readings.
R. J. Wilkinson, 1908. "History Part I - Events Prior to British Ascendancy" dlm. Papers on Malay Subjects. Kuala Lumpur: F. M. S. Government Press.
R. O. Winstedt, "More Notes on Malay Magic" dlm. JMBRAS 2, 1927.
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Seksyen 13A Enakmen Tanah Rizab Melayu 1930.
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Shirle Gordon, "Contradictions in the Malay Economic Structure" dlm. Intisari 1:2, hlm. 36, t.th.
Singh, Hari, "Ethnic Conflict in Malaysia Revisited" dlm. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 39:1, Mac 2001, 2001.
Surah al-Nisa' 4: 7, 11, 12 dan 176.
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A. Syed Husin (ed.), 1984. Ethnicity, Class and Development Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sains Sosial Malaysia, hlm. 189-211.
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Tan Chee-Beng, 1979. The Baba of Malacca: Culture and Identity of a Chinese Peranakan Community in Malaysia. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications.
Tan Chee Beng, 1984. "Acculturation, Assimilation and Integration: The Case of The Chinese" dlm. A. Syed Husin (ed.) 1984 Ethnicity, Class and Development Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sains Sosial Malaysia, hlm. 189-211.
Tan Chee Beng, 2000a. "Socio-cultural Diversities and Identities" dlm. K. H. Lee dan C. B. Tan (ed.) 2000a The Chinese in Malaysia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 31-71.
Tan Chee Beng, 2002. Chinese Minority in a Malay State: The Case of Terengganu in Malaysia. Singapore: Eastern University Press.
Tan Yao Sua, "Akulturasi Peranakan Cina di Tirok, Terengganu" dlm. Jurnal Terjemahan Alam & Tamadun Melayu 2:2, 2011.
Van Ronkel, 1950. Science in Netherlands East Indies. Leiden: Sijthoff, hlm. 23.
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Wan Norhasniah Wan Husin, 2011. "Business Dominance among the Malays and Chinese in Malaysia from a Civilizational Perspectives" dlm. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 3:4, Julai 2013.
Yaacob Harun, 1989. "Keluarga Melayu: Bentuk Organisasi dan Fungsi" dlm. Mohd. Taib Osman, Masyarakat Melayu Struktur, Organisasi dan Manifestasi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Yap Beng Liang, 1989. "Stratifikasi Sosial dan Masyarakat Melayu" dlm. Mohd. Taib Osman, Masyarakat Melayu Struktur, Organisasi dan Manifestasi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Yong Mun Cheong, 1974. Trends in Malaysia II Proceedings and Background Paper. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Zainuddin Maidin, 1994. Mahathir di Sebalik Tabir. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Zulkifli Mohamad, Johari Talib dan Ruzman Mohd. Nor. "Issues of Land Inheritance from FELDA Settlers' Perspective: A Case Study Among Settlers in Lurah Bilut, Bentong" melalui http://www.wbiconpro.com/216-Zulkifli.pdf (Diakses pada 5 Disember 2011).
Afifuddin Hj. Omar, 1986. Pembangunan Ekonomi Kaum Tani. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ahmad Ibrahim, "The Status of Muslim Women in Family Law in Malaysia and Brunei" dlm. [1964] 6 MLR 2, hlm. 364, Singapore: Fakulti Undang-undang Universiti Singapura.
Banks, J. A., 1999. An Introduction to Multicultural Education. Needham Heights: Allyn and Bacon.
Bukhari Md. Nor lwn Aisyah binti Ismail [2005]. MTS Kota Bharu.
Chamhuri Siwar, 1978. Kehendak dan Bentuk Reformasi Tanah di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
C. O. Blagden, "Minangkabau Custom-Malacca" dlm. JMBRAS (Journal of the Malay Branch of the Royl Asiatic Society) VIII:II, hlm. 313, Disember 1930, Singapore: Printers Ltd.; Mohd. Din Ali, t.th. "Two Forces in Malay Society", Intisari 1:3, hlm. 37, Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute Ltd.; Mohamed Din Ali, 1968, "Malay Customary Law and the Family" dlm. David C. Buxbaum (ed.) 1968 Family Law and Customary Law in Asia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, hlm. 187.
E. K. B. Tan, 2001. "From Sojourners to Citizens: Managing the Ethnic Chinese Minority in Indonesia and Malaysia" dlm. Ethnic and Racial Studies 24:6, hlm. 949-78.
Enakmen Tanah Rezab Melayu 1930.
Firth, Rosemary, 1966. "Housekeeping Among Malay Peasants" dlm. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology. No. 7. University of London: The Athlone Press.
Frank Athelstane Swettenham, t.th. Malay Sketches. Edisi Ketiga. London and New York: John Lane The Bodley Head.
Frank Athelstane Swettenham, 1948. British Malaya. London: George Allen and Unwin Co.
Froth, Tabitha, "Ethno-Religious Identity and Urban Malays in Malaysia" dlm. Asian Ethnicity 1:2, 1 September 2000.
G. E. Lenski, 1966. Power and Privileges - A Theory of Social Stratification. New York: McGraw Hill.
Hashim Hj. Musa, 2005. Bahasa dan Pemikiran Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Akademi Pengajian Melayu.
Husna Sulaiman dan Napsiah Mahfoz, "Women and Poverty in the Agricultural Sector", dlm. Jamilah Ariffin (ed.), 1994. Poverty Amidst Plenty. Selangor: Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Isabella L. Bird, 1967. The Golden Chersonese - Travels in Malaya in 1879. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Ishak Saat. "Sejarah Panjang Hubungan Malaysia-China". Kertas kerja dlm. Seminar 35 Tahun Hubungan Diplomatik Malaysia dengan China. Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China, 29 Mei-4 Jun 2009.
Ishak Shari, "Rural Development and Rural Poverty in Malaysia The Experience during the New Economic Policy (1971-1990) Period" dlm. Jamilah Ariffin (ed.), 1994. Poverty Amidst Plenty. Selangor: Pelanduk Publications (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Ismail Hamid, 1988. Masyarakat dan Budaya Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
J. D. Hall, KAR, 29 Mei 1930-18 Mei 1931, hlm. 46.
J. M. Gullick, 1965. Indigenous Political Systems of Western Malaya. London: University of London, The Athlone Press.
J. M. Gullick, 1992. Rulers and Residents Influence and Power in the Malay States 1870-1920. Singapore: Oxford University Press, hlm. 202, 225;
Kamus Dewan Edisi Empat melalui Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu yang boleh dirujuk melalui http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Search.aspx?k=gelagat (Diakses pada 9 Januari 2012).
Khoo Boo Teik, 1995. Paradoxes of Mahathirisme - an Intelectual of Biography of Maahathir Mohamad. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Khoo Kay Kim, 1971. "Latar Belakang Sejarah Masyarakat India dan Cina di Tanah Melayu" dlm. JEBAT 1. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Lau, D. C., 1979. The Analects of Confucius. England: Penguin Books Ltd.
Lee Yok Fee, "Kedinamikan Kecinaan dan Identiti Orang Cina di Malaysia". Laporan Penyelidikan. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, hlm. 175; Yen Ching-Hwang, 1986. A Social History of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya 1800-1911. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Mahamad Naser Disa, 2010. "Isu-isu Perundangan yang Berbangkit daripada Pemelukan Islam: Suatu Analisis" dlm. Mohd Nizam Sahad dan Suhaila Abdullah (ed.) Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Dakwah Saudara Kita: Isu dan Cabaran Semasa. Universiti Sains Malaysia: Bahagian Pengajian Islam, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, hlm. 338.
Mahathir Mohamad, 1970. The Malay Dilemma. Singapore-Kuala Lumpur: Times Books International.
Marger, M. N., 2003. Race and Ethnic Relations: America and Global Perspectives. USA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning
Mohamad Abu Bakar, 1989. "Pemodenan, Pengislaman dan Kebebasan Wanita Melayu" dlm. Ismail Hussein, Aziz Deraman dan Abdul Rahman al-Ahmadi, Tamadun Melayu. Jilid 1. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohd. Ridhuan Tee Abdullah, "Cabaran Integrasi antara Kaum di Malaysia: Perspektif Sejarah, Keluarga dan Pendidikan" dlm. Jurnal Hadhari Bil. 3, 2010.
Mohd. Taib Osman, 1989. "Agama dan Kepercayaan Orang Melayu: Organisasi dan Struktur" dlm. Masyarakat Melayu Struktur, Organisasi dan Manifestasi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Muhammad Said bin Abd Kadir al-Haj, 1987. Enakmen-enakmen Rizab Melayu: Satu Kajian Perbandingan. Selangor: Pejabat Daerah dan Tanah Sabak Bernam, hlm. iii, iv dan 95.
Noraziah Ali dan Mohd. Azlan Abdullah, 2009. "Transformasi Sosial 'Jutawan Segera' Komuniti Felda" dlm. Yahaya Ibrahim, Komuniti Pembangunan dan Transformasi. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Oong Hak Ching, 1988. "Sikap dan Pandangan-pandangan Politik Baba Peranakan: 1890-1940" dlm. Nik Hassan Shuhaimi, Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud dan Yahaya Abu Bakar, Sumbangsih Kumpulan Esei Sejarah. Bangi: Jabatan Sejarah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Perkara 160, Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
R. Dahrendorf, 1969. "On the Origin of Inequality Among Men" dlm. Andre Befeille (ed.), Social Inequality. Great Britain: Penguin Modern Sociology Readings.
R. J. Wilkinson, 1908. "History Part I - Events Prior to British Ascendancy" dlm. Papers on Malay Subjects. Kuala Lumpur: F. M. S. Government Press.
R. O. Winstedt, "More Notes on Malay Magic" dlm. JMBRAS 2, 1927.
R. O. Winstedt, 1961. The Malays - A Cultural History. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Richard Winstedt, 1958. The Malays A Cultural History. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., hlm. 48-49; Ahmad Ibrahim, "The Status of Muslim Women in Family Law in Malaysia and Brunei" dlm. [1964] 6 MLR 2, hlm. 364, Singapore: Fakulti Undang-undang Universiti Singapura; Ahmad Ibrahim, "The Administration of Muslim Law in South-East Asia" dlm. [1971] 13 MLR 1, hlm. 160. Singapore: Faculty of Law, University Of Singapore.
Seksyen 13A Enakmen Tanah Rizab Melayu 1930.
Shellabear, 1906. Kitab Kiliran Budi (yakni Beberapa Perumpamaan Melayu. Singapura: Cap Sidang Methodist.
Shirle Gordon, "Contradictions in the Malay Economic Structure" dlm. Intisari 1:2, hlm. 36, t.th.
Singh, Hari, "Ethnic Conflict in Malaysia Revisited" dlm. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 39:1, Mac 2001, 2001.
Surah al-Nisa' 4: 7, 11, 12 dan 176.
Suryadinata (ed.), 1989. The Ethnic Chinese in the Asean States. Singapore: ISEAS.
Syed Hussein Al-atas, 1977. The Myth of the Lazy Native. London: Frank Cass.
A. Syed Husin (ed.), 1984. Ethnicity, Class and Development Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sains Sosial Malaysia, hlm. 189-211.
Tan Chee Beng, 1993. Chinese Peranakan Heritage in Malaysia and Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: Pnerbit Fajar Bakti.
Tan Chee-Beng, 1979. The Baba of Malacca: Culture and Identity of a Chinese Peranakan Community in Malaysia. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications.
Tan Chee Beng, 1984. "Acculturation, Assimilation and Integration: The Case of The Chinese" dlm. A. Syed Husin (ed.) 1984 Ethnicity, Class and Development Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sains Sosial Malaysia, hlm. 189-211.
Tan Chee Beng, 2000a. "Socio-cultural Diversities and Identities" dlm. K. H. Lee dan C. B. Tan (ed.) 2000a The Chinese in Malaysia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 31-71.
Tan Chee Beng, 2002. Chinese Minority in a Malay State: The Case of Terengganu in Malaysia. Singapore: Eastern University Press.
Tan Yao Sua, "Akulturasi Peranakan Cina di Tirok, Terengganu" dlm. Jurnal Terjemahan Alam & Tamadun Melayu 2:2, 2011.
Van Ronkel, 1950. Science in Netherlands East Indies. Leiden: Sijthoff, hlm. 23.
Wang Gungwu, 1992. Community and Nation: China, Southeast Asia and Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Wan Norhasniah Wan Husin, 2011. "Business Dominance among the Malays and Chinese in Malaysia from a Civilizational Perspectives" dlm. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 3:4, Julai 2013.
Yaacob Harun, 1989. "Keluarga Melayu: Bentuk Organisasi dan Fungsi" dlm. Mohd. Taib Osman, Masyarakat Melayu Struktur, Organisasi dan Manifestasi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Yap Beng Liang, 1989. "Stratifikasi Sosial dan Masyarakat Melayu" dlm. Mohd. Taib Osman, Masyarakat Melayu Struktur, Organisasi dan Manifestasi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Yong Mun Cheong, 1974. Trends in Malaysia II Proceedings and Background Paper. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Zainuddin Maidin, 1994. Mahathir di Sebalik Tabir. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Zulkifli Mohamad, Johari Talib dan Ruzman Mohd. Nor. "Issues of Land Inheritance from FELDA Settlers' Perspective: A Case Study Among Settlers in Lurah Bilut, Bentong" melalui http://www.wbiconpro.com/216-Zulkifli.pdf (Diakses pada 5 Disember 2011).
Published
2016-01-01
How to Cite
SULONG, Jasni.
The Influence of Malay Culture in Inheritance Distribution in Malaysia.
Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 94-114, jan. 2016.
ISSN 2682-8049.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Melayu/article/view/4481>. Date accessed: 25 nov. 2024.
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