Around the World with Words: Lessons from 17th Century Malay Dictionary
Abstract
The attention of the English in the 17th century towards the development of the Malay language can be presumed as a part of fierce competition between them and their rival, the Dutch (VOC). This stiff competition was not only limited to the monopoly of trade, but also territorial disputes, support from local governments as well as trading advantages. All these environmental factors influenced the English involvement in the production of texts in the Malay language, such as dictionaries, travelogues, religious books and other manuscripts that describe the race, language and land at the time. Thomas Bowrey (TB), for example, was a British merchant who sailed in the Malay Archipelago in the 17th century and became renowned for publishing the first English-Malay dictionary in 1701. Bowrey also produced other works on the Malay language, compiling enormous information about Malay civilization and policy in the 17th century as well as the role, attention and interest of the English in the effort to illustrate the development of the time. This paper discusses proof of the evolution and policy of the Malay civilization in Bowrey’s manuscript. The discussion focuses on navigation jargon in the manuscript. The data are discussed based on etymology approach (Collins, 2003 & 2018). This paper concludes that the data in Bowery’s manuscript show the attention and curiosity of the English towards the Malay language that did not only emerge because of the attestation by the EIC, but also because of the scientific environment and scholarship of the Malay language and people in the 17th century.
References
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1. Al-Quran Tajwid Warna dan Terjemahan. (2012). Humaira Bookstore Enterprise. KDN: PQ/Q. 1001/2.2/QA/438/72/2012.
A. Aziz Deraman. (2001). Tamadun Melayu dan pembinaan bangsa Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
2. Abdullah Muhamed. (1997). Penggunaan simbol-simbol dalam kosmologi dan kesenian. Dlm. Wan Abdul Kadir & Hashim Awang AR (Eds.) Seni dan Kosmologi; Kosmologi Islam dalam Kesenian Melayu. Akademi Pengajian Melayu, Universiti Malaya.
3. Adrian, Frutiger. (1989). Sign and symbols: Their design and meaning. (Andrew Bluhm, Terj.). Van Nostrand Reinhold.
4. Al-Attas, Syed Hussein. (1992). Intelektual masyarakat membangun. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
5. Al-Ghazzali. (2014). Minhaj Al-Abidin, petunjuk jalan bagi orang-orang ahli Ibadah. Dlm Abu Mazaya Al-Hafiz (Terj.). Jahabersa.
6. Amdan Hamid (ed.). (2015). Pembuka segala rahsia; As-Syeikh Mohd Salleh Bin Abdullah, Mengkabau (q.s). Jahabersa.
7. Anwar Din. (2016). Asas kebudayaan dan kesenian Melayu. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
8. Asy-Syeikh Mohd Shaleh ‘Abdullah Mengkabauw. (2017). Kasyaful Asrar (Pembuka Segala Rahsia). al-Hidayah House of Publishers Sdn. Bhd.
9. Avila, Brandon & Khovanova, Tanya. (2014). Free Fibonacci Sequences. Journal of Integer Sequences, 17, 1‒18.
10. Bennabi, Malek. (1988). Islam and history of society. Asma Rashid (terj.). Islamic Research Institute.
11. Bier, Coral. (2015). Geometry in Islamic Art. Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_10111-1
12. Daddour, Loai M. (2012). Geomatric Proportions: The underlying structure of design process for Islamic geomatric patterns (p.381). Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. Allrights reserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2012.08.005:381
13. Damanhuri. (2021). Hamzah Fanshuri tentang konsep wujud. Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 1(1), Januari-Juni 2021. https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/jpi
14. Dudung Abdurrahman. (2004). Pendidikan mistikal: Satu upaya ke arah pencapaian kualitas diri yang intergratif. Jurnal Mimbar, 20(2), 149–163.
15. Echols, John M. & Shadily, Hassan (1996). Kamus Inggris-Indonesia. Cetakan XXIII, Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
16. Endraswara, Suwardi. (2014). Mistik kejawen, sinkretisme, simbolisme dan sufisme dalam budaya spiritual Jawa: Penerbit Narasi (Anggota IKAPI).
17. El-Muhammady, Muhammad Uthman. (2012) Pluralisme agama: Beberapa persolaan dilihat dari pandangan arus perdana Islamdalam pluralisme agama: Satu gerakan iblis memurtadkan ummah, pp.139-157. MUAFAKAT.
18. El-Muhammady, Muhammad Uthman. (2016). Ajaran tasawwuf ulama’ Nusantara. Abdul Razak Mahmud (Ed.). Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.
19. Hassan Ahmad. (2003). Metafora Melayu: Bagaimana pemikir Melayu mencipta makna dan membentuk epistomologinya. Monograf Akademik Kajian Ketamadunan. Kompleks Dar al- Hikmah.
20. Hemenway, P. (2008). The secret vode: The mysterious formula that rules art, nature, and science. Taschen GmbH: Evergreen.
21. Jowers, Iestyn, Prats, Miquel, Eissa, Hesham & Ji-Hyun Lee. (2010). A Study of Emergence in The Generation of Islamic Geomatric. New Frontiers: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia CAADRIA 2010, 39–48. Association for Research in Computer-Aided Architectural Research in Asia (CAADRIA).
22. Manja Mohd. Ludin & Ahmad Suhaimi Mohd Nor. (1995). Aspek-aspek kesenian Islam. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
23. Martin Van Bruinessen. (2018). Islam di Nusantara: Kitab kuning; Pesantren dan tarekat. Al-Mustaqeem M Radhi (Terj.). IBDE Ilham. Sdn. Bhd.
24. Mat Rofa (Ed). (2013). Ilmu hikmah dalam kajian etnosains dan etnomatematik alam Melayu. Dlm. Etnosains dan etnomatematik alam Melayu. Universiti Malaya.
25. Mat Rofa. (2016). Dalam kuliah Ajaibnya Matematik di INSPEN. Universiti Putra Malaysia. pada 9 Mei 2016.
26. Mohammad Nazzri Ahmad. (2016). Falsafah seni ukiran kayu Melayu. (Tesis Phd tidak diterbitkan). Akademi Pengajian Melayu. Universiti Malaya.
27. Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahman. (2013). The kuda kepang mabuk ritual dance: Symbolic intitiation into a mystical journey. Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 6(2), 190-209. Retrieved from 10 Ogos 2022.
28. Nasution, Harun. (2004). Falsafah dan mistisme dalam Islam. Pt..Bulan Bintang.
29. Nor Azlin Hamidon. (2008).Calligraphy painting in Malaysia: Clarification as an art tradition. (Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan). Fakulti Seni Lukis & Seni Reka. Universiti Teknologi Mara.
30. Patter.B. Dave, A. I. Li, N. Gu, H.-J. Park (Eds.). (2010). New Frontiers: Proceedings of the 15th International conference on computer-aided architectural design research in Asia CAADRIA 2010,( pp.39–48), Association for Research in Computer-Aided Architectural Research in Asia (CAADRIA), Hong Kong.
31. Reese, William L. (1980). Dictionary of philosophy and religion. Humanities Press Inc.
32. Ros Aiza Mohd Mokhtar & Che Zarrina Saari. (2016). Sinkretisme dalam adat tradisi masyarakat Islam. Jurnal Usuluddin, 43, (Januari–Jun), 69‒90. DOI:10.22452/usuluddin.vol.43no1.3
33. Schimmel, A. (2004). Misteri angka-angka: Dalam berbagai peradaban kuno dan tradisi agama Islam, Yahudi dan Kristen. Pustaka Hidayah.
34. Seyyed Hossein Nasr. (1997). Pengetahuan dan kesucian. Pustaka Pelajar.
35. Shaharir Mohd Zain. (2013). Unsur asasi jirim dalam sains Melayu sebelum dipengaruhi Barat. Dlm. Etnosains dan etnomatematik alam Melayu. Universiti Malaya.
36. Simuh. (1996). Sufisme Jawa: Transformasi tasawuf Islam ke mistikal Jawa. Cetakan 2, Bentang.
37. Srisadono, Y.D. (2012). Konsep ‘sacred space’ dalam arsitektur gereja katolik. Jurnal Melintas. 28(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v28i2.282.182-206
38. Stephen E. Jones. (2018). The biblical meaning of numbers from one to forty.God’s Kingdom Ministries.
39. Syed Ahmad Jamal. (1992). Rupa dan jiwa. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Wan Abdul Kadir Wan Yusoff & Zainal Abidin Borhan. (2006). Ideologi dan Kebudayaan Kebangsaan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
40. Wan Mohd Dasuki & Siti Radziah. (2014). Kearifan Melayu dalam pembinaan konsentrasi dan ketepatan: Aplikasinya dalam ritual menembak. Dlm. Merekayasa kearifan tempatan: Budaya, pelancongan, arkeologi dan sejarah. Nazarudin Zainun & Darlina Md. Naim (Eds.) Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
41. Zakaria Stapa. (2012). Pendekatan tasawuf dan tarekat wadah pemerkasaan jati diri ummah. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
42. Zeinab Feisal Abdel Kader (2012) Reflections of number symbolism on egyptian sacred architecture. Engineering Research Journal. Doi: 10.21608/Erjm.2012.67177
Published
2022-12-13
How to Cite
OTHMAN, Nor Azizah.
Around the World with Words: Lessons from 17th Century Malay Dictionary.
Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, [S.l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 105-124, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2682-8049.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Melayu/article/view/8345>. Date accessed: 17 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/jm.16(1)no5.
Section
Articles
