The Underrepresentation and the Disinterest of Malay Women in Nursing in the Early Post-Colonial Malaysia (1957-1977): A Cultural Perspective
(Kurangnya Penglibatan dan Minat Wanita Melayu dalam Bidang Kejururawatan pada Awal Pascakolonial Malaysia (1957-1977): Perspektif Budaya)
Abstract
Modern nursing started in Malaysia during the colonial rule and with embedded colonial values. During the first two decades of post-independent Malaysia, the Malays were a minority in the nursing workforce despite being the majority population. This study examines the issue of this paradoxical underrepresentation of Malay women from the lens of Malay culture during this period. Document analysis was conducted on relevant annual reports, official letters, minute papers, newspaper articles and parliamentary debates official reports between 1957 and 1977. The findings suggest that the underrepresentation of the Malays in nursing was predominantly due to the disinterest of Malay women to become nurses due to the discordance between the Malay culture and various aspects of nursing. This article highlights the importance of a culturally sensitive work environment in promoting inclusivity for the diverse members of the society.
Keyword: Nursing, Malay women, post-colonial, inclusivity, diversity
References
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Berita Harian. (1965b, February 1). Pakaian jururawat menjolok mata, masharakat kesal (nurse uniform too revealing, the society is dissappointed), p. 6.
Berita Harian. (1965d, October 12). Asrama di-rompak (Hostel robbed)n, p. 5.
Berita Harian. (1966a, April 5). Asrama bidan dan jururawat: surat kapada menteri, p. 2.
Berita Harian. (1966b, November 12). 324 saja dari 3,000 jururawat ia-lah Melayu (Only 324 of 3,000 nurses are Malays), p. 5.
Berita Harian. (1967, July 5). sebab2 jururawat tidak puas hati di-kampong2 (Reasons for nurses' dissatisfactions in rural areas), p. 3.
Berita Harian. (1968a, March 14). Jururawat balek dari kursus di-Bangkok (nurses come back from a course in Bangkok), p. 3.
Berita Harian. (1968b, May 25). Kesah suami "berzina" di-bawa dalam mahkamah (The case of husband commiting adultery taken to court), p. 10.
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Federal Constitution 1957. (2010). The Commissioner of Law Revision Malaysia.
Foo, B., & Richards, C. (2004). English in Malaysia. RELC Journal, 35(2), 229-240.
Gidley, J. M., Hampson, G. P., Wheeler, L., & Bereded-samuel, E. (2010). social inclusion: context, theory and practice. The Australasian Journal of University-Community Engagement, 5(1), 6-36.
Greer, D. B. (1995). Minority underrepresentation in nursing: socioeconomic and political effects. The Association of Black Nursing Faculty in Higher Education Journal, 6(2), 44-46.
Hassan, H. (2016). A study on the development of Baju Kurung design in the context of cultural changes in modern Malaysia. Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse, 15, 63-94.
Hirschman, C. (1972). Educational patterns in colonial Malaya. Comparative Education Review, 16(3), 486-502.
Hirschman, C. (2016). Gender, the status of women, and family structure in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, 53(1), 33-50.
Idris, M. R. (2016). Perkembangan pendidikan wanita Melayu di negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu, 1896-1941. Universiti Malaya.
Kortteinen, s. (2008). negotiating ethnic identities: Alcohol as a social marker in East and West Malaysia. Akademika, 72(1), 25-44.
Lee, n. (2014). Transformasi fesyen pakaian Muslim di semenanjung Tanah Melayu, 1930-1940 (Muslim fashion transformation in the Malay Peninsula, 1930-1940). Jurnal Perspektif, 6(3), 68-80.
Loftin, C., newman, s. D., Dumas, B. P., Gilden, G., & Bond, M. Lou. (2012). Perceived barriers to success for minority nursing students: An integrative review. ISRN Nursing, 2012, 806543. Malaysian nursing Union. (1972). Sixth Bienniel Report (1970-1971).
Malaysian nursing Union.Mariam, M. C. (1959, December 9). Kebanyakan anak2 ingin jadi guru yang berjasa. Berita Harian, p. 6.
Medical and Health Department. (1950). schemes of service for nurses. Medical and Health Department.
Medical and Health Department. (1958). Federal Government Press statement on World Health Day - Progress in nursing: 1948-1958 (Ref: D.inF. 3/58/162 (HEALTH)).
Medical and Health Department (1958). Report of the Medical Department 1957. Medical and Health Department.
Medical and Health Department (1959). Report of the Medical Department 1958. Medical and Health Department.
Medical and Health Department. (1960). Report of the Medical Department 1959. Medical and Health Department.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (1973), Annual Report 1971-1972. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (1975). Annual Report 1973-1974. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2017). Exhibition of the Transformation of nurses Uniform in Ministry of Health Malaysia. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Othman, M. A., & Lee, P. L. (2014). Sejarah pendidikan di Tanah Melayu dari tahun 1900-1941. Jurnal Pendidikan Dedikasi, 8(1), 1-18.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1959). Parliamentary debates official report: House of Representatives (3 December, 1959). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1964). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (25 November, 1964). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1965). Parliamentary debates official report: House of Representative (4 June, 1965). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1972). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (14 January, 1972). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1973a). Parliamentary debates official report: House of Representatives (3 December 1973). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1973b). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (3 May 1973). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1974). Parliamentary debates official report: House of Representatives (3 December 1974). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1975a). Parliamentary debates official report: House of Representatives (2 April, 1975). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1975b). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (22 July, 1975). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1975c). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (24 July, 1975). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1976). Parliamentary debates official report: House of representatives (9 november, 1976). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1977a). Parliamentary debates official report: House of Representatives (19 July, 1977). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (1977b). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (20 April, 1977). Kuala Lumpur.
Parliament of Malaysia. (2005). Parliamentary debates official report: Senate (18 May 2005) (Vol. 10). Kuala Lumpur.
Phillips, J. M., & Malone, B. (2014). increasing racial / ethnic diversity in nursing to reduce health disparities and achieve health equity. Public Health Reports, 129(suppl 2), 45–50.
Prime Minister's Office (1976). The Third Malaysia Plan. Prime Minister's Office.
Putten, J. van der. (2014). "Dirty dancing" and Malay anxieties: the changing context of Malay Ronggeng in the first half of the twentieth century. In B. Barendregt (Ed.), Sonic Modernities in the Malay World: A History of Popular Music, Social Distinction and Novel Lifestyles (1930s - 2000s) (pp. 113-134). Brill.
Ramli, M. A. (2004). Konsep masyarakat Melayu mengenai hubungan gender. Jurnal YADIM, Dec, 141-153.
Saadon, R., Ariffin, K., & Saat, I. (2016). Perkembangan pendidikan orang Melayu di Malaya sebelum kemunculan Western-tupe Education (The educational development of the Malays in Malaya before the emergence of Western-type-education). Jurnal Perspektif, 8(2), 79-96.
Secretary of the Kuala Terengganu branch of United Malays National Organisation. (1954, July 24). Letter to the state Mufti of Terengganu on the issue of nurses (Ref: no.26 in Ch. UMNO. B.K.T 26/53).
Selangor State Council. (1933, October 16). Extract from the minutes of the 343rd Meeting of the selangor state Council.
Shawal, Z. (1994). Busana Melayu. Jabatan Muzium Malaysia.State Medical and Health Officer of Perak. (1956, November 27). Letter to the State Secretary of Perak on the establishment of a school in Perak to train Assistant nurses in Malay (Ref: Med/Pk.15/194/56).
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Published
2021-07-02
How to Cite
SAIDUN, Salilah.
The Underrepresentation and the Disinterest of Malay Women in Nursing in the Early Post-Colonial Malaysia (1957-1977): A Cultural Perspective.
Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 181-200, july 2021.
ISSN 2682-8049.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Melayu/article/view/8100>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/jm.14(2)no2.
Section
Articles
