Amerika Syarikat dan Darurat di Tanah Melayu, 1948-1960: Satu Kajian Literatur
Abstrak
Manuskrip ini menumpukan perbincangan tentang kajian historiografi darurat di Tanah Melayu dari tahun 1948 hingga tahun 1960 yang mempunyai kaitan dengan Amerika Syarikat. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kajian terdahulu tentang darurat di Tanah Melayu dengan menumpukan soal penglibatan Amerika Syarikat dalam konflik ini, sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Penekanan terhadap perkara ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bahawa Amerika Syarikat turut mempunyai kaitan dengan darurat kerana lazimnya perhatian hanya diberikan kepada British yang merupakan watak utama dalam konflik di Tanah Melayu. Tanpa mengetepikan pihak British di Tanah Melayu ketika darurat, kajian historiografi ini turut menyentuh kedudukan imperialis itu, di samping Negara Komanwel lain sepanjang peristiwa itu berlangsung. Kaedah kualitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini menerusi analisis terhadap kajian darurat sejauh yang dapat ditanggapi. Kajian yang berbentuk tesis, buku, kertas kerja dan artikel jurnal telah dianalisis untuk menghasilkan perbincangan yang lebih objektif. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, dapat disimpulkan bahawa historiografi darurat di Tanah Melayu yang mempunyai kaitan dengan Amerika Syarikat sememangnya mengandungi signifikan yang tersendiri dalam pembuktian penglibatan kuasa besar itu baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam konflik 12 tahun tersebut.
Rujukan
Aldrich, R. J. (2001). The hidden hand: Britain, America, and cold war secret intelligence. The Overlook Press.
Arditti, R. C. (2015). ‘Our achilles’ heel’-interagency intelligence during the Malayan emergency [Disertasi Kedoktoran]. Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies, Brunel University.
Azharudin Mohamed Dali (2014). Sejarah perisikan di Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Azmi Arifin (2019). Darurat atau “perang kolonial” 1948 di Tanah Melayu: Satu perbahasan berdasarkan beberapa aliran pemikiran dan perspektif. KEMANUSIAAN: The Asian Journal of Humanities, 26(2).
Benvenuti, A. (2017). Cold war and decolonisation: Australia’s policy towards Britain’s end of empire in Southeast Asia. National University of Singapore.
CAB 129/28, CP (48) 171, The Situation in Malaya, 1 Julai 1948. The National Archive.
Clutterbuck, R. (1973). The long-long war: The emergency in Malaya 1948-1960. Faber and Faber Limited.
Comber, L. (2008). Malaya’s secret police 1945-60: The role of the special branch in the Malayan emergency. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Comber, L. (2009). The origins of the cold war in Southeast Asia: The case of the Communist Party Of Malaya (1948–1960) – A special branch perspective. Kajian Malaysia, Special Issue, 27(1 & 2).
Comber, L. (2015). Templer and the road to Malayan independence: The man and his time. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Deery, P. (2007). Britain’s Asian cold war? Journal of cold war studies, 9(1).
Edwards, P. G. & Pemberton, G. (1992). Crises and commitments: The politics and diplomacy of Australia’s involvement in Southeast Asian conflitcts, 1948-1965. Allin and Unwin Pte Ltd.
Hack, K. (2001). Defence and deolonisation in Southeast Asia: Britain, Malaya and Singapore 1941-1968. Curzon Press.
Halvorson, D. (2019). Commonwealth responsibility and cold war solidarity: Australia in Asia, 1944-1974. Australian National University Press.
Hara, F. (2017). The Malayan Communist Party as recorded in the comintern files. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRD).
Harper, T. N. (2001). The end of empire and the making of Malaya. Cambridge University Press.
Hess, G. R. (1987). The United States emergence as a Southeast Asian power, 1940-1950. Columbia University Press.
Ho Hui Ling (2004). Darurat 1948-1960: Keadaan sosial di Tanah Melayu. Universiti Malaya.
Jackson, R. (2008). The Malayan Emergency and Indonesian confrontation: The commonwealth’s wars, 1948-1966. Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
Kelly, A. M. (2016). Reassessing the ANZUS alliance: Strategy and diplomacy between Australia, New Zealand and the United States, 1945-1956 [Disertasi kedoktoran]. Western Sydney University.
Leong Yee Fong (1999). Labour and trade unionism in colonial Malaya: A study of the socio-economic and political bases of the Malayan labour movement, 1930-1957. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Lowe, P. (2009). Contending with nationalism and communism: British policy towards Southeast Asia, 1945-65. Palgrave Macmillan.
Mclntyre, W. D. (1995). Background to the Anzus Pact: Policy-makers, strategy and diplomacy, 1945–55. Palgrave Macmillan.
McLane, C. B. (1966). Soviet strategies in Southeast Asia: An exploration of eastern policy under Lenin and Stalin. Princeton Universities Press.
Miller, H. (1972). Jungle war in Malaya: The campaign againts communism, 1948-1960. Arthur Barker Ltd.
Mumford, A. (2017). Counterinsurgency wars and the Anglo-American Alliance: The special relationship on the rocks. Georgetown University Press.
Noorilham Ismail (2019). Darurat di Tanah Melayu dan Amerika Syarikat, 1948-1960 [Tesis Sarjana]. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Rolls, M. G. (2005). Growing a part: New Zealand and Malaysia. Dlm. Smith, A. L. (ed.). Southeast Asia and New Zealand. ISEAS.
Rotter, A. J. (1987). The path to Vietnam: Origins of the American commitment to Southeast Asia. Cornell University Press.
Sah Hadiyatan Ismail (2004). The United States and the decolonisation of British Southeast Asia 1945-1966 [Tesis sarjana]. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Sah Hadiyatan Ismail (2009). The American connection and Australian policy in Southeast Asia, 1945-1965 [Disertasi kedoktoran]. The University of Queensland.
Shakila Yacob (2008). The United States and the Malaysian economy. Routledge.
Six, C. (2018). Secularism, decolonisation, and the cold war in South and Southeast Asia. Routledge.
Sodhy, P. (1982). Passage of empire: United States-Malayan relations to 1966 [Disertasi kedoktoran, University Microfilms International].
Stenson, M. R. (1970). Industrial conflict in Malaya: Prelude to the communist revolt of 1948. Oxford University Press.
Stockwell, A. J. (Ed.). (1995). BDOEE: Series B. Malaya: Part II: The communist insurrection 1948-1953, vol. 3. HMSO.
Stockwell, A. J. (2000). The United States and Britain’s decolonization of Malaya, 1942–57. Dlm. Ryan, D. & Pungong, V. (Eds.). The United States and decolonization: The United States and Britain’s decolonization of Malaya, 1942–57. Palgrave Macmillan.
Stubbs, R. (1989). Hearts and minds in guerilla warfare: The Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Oxford University Press.
Tan Teng Phee (2020). Behind the barbed wire: Chinese new villages during the Malayan emergency, 1948-1960. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRD).
Tarling, N. (2005). Britain, Southeast Asia & the impact of the Korean war. National University of Singapore Press.
The Straits Times, Malaya is in the Secret Pact, 1 May 1953.
Thompson, S. (2019). The United States and Southeast Asian regionalism: Collective security and economic development, 1945-75. Routledge.
Thompson, V., & Adloff, R. (1950). The left wing in Southeast Asia. W. Sloane Associates.
Tonder, G. V. (2017). Malayan emergency triumph of the running dogs 1948-1960. Pen and Sword Military.
Truman, Harry S. (1956). Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Years of trial and hope, vol. 2. Doubleday.
Umetsu, H. (1996). From ANZUS to SEATO - A study of Australian foreign policy, 1950-54 [Disertasi kedoktoran]. University of Sydney.
Wen-Qing Ngoei (2019). Arc of containment, Britain, the United States, and anticommunism in Southeast Asia. Cornell University Press.
White, N. J. (1996). Business, government, and the end of empire: Malaya, 1942-1957. Oxford University Press.
White II, J.W. (1976). The United States and Malaya: 1945-1953 [Tesis Sarjana]. University of Nebraska Omaha.
Arditti, R. C. (2015). ‘Our achilles’ heel’-interagency intelligence during the Malayan emergency [Disertasi Kedoktoran]. Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies, Brunel University.
Azharudin Mohamed Dali (2014). Sejarah perisikan di Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Azmi Arifin (2019). Darurat atau “perang kolonial” 1948 di Tanah Melayu: Satu perbahasan berdasarkan beberapa aliran pemikiran dan perspektif. KEMANUSIAAN: The Asian Journal of Humanities, 26(2).
Benvenuti, A. (2017). Cold war and decolonisation: Australia’s policy towards Britain’s end of empire in Southeast Asia. National University of Singapore.
CAB 129/28, CP (48) 171, The Situation in Malaya, 1 Julai 1948. The National Archive.
Clutterbuck, R. (1973). The long-long war: The emergency in Malaya 1948-1960. Faber and Faber Limited.
Comber, L. (2008). Malaya’s secret police 1945-60: The role of the special branch in the Malayan emergency. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Comber, L. (2009). The origins of the cold war in Southeast Asia: The case of the Communist Party Of Malaya (1948–1960) – A special branch perspective. Kajian Malaysia, Special Issue, 27(1 & 2).
Comber, L. (2015). Templer and the road to Malayan independence: The man and his time. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Deery, P. (2007). Britain’s Asian cold war? Journal of cold war studies, 9(1).
Edwards, P. G. & Pemberton, G. (1992). Crises and commitments: The politics and diplomacy of Australia’s involvement in Southeast Asian conflitcts, 1948-1965. Allin and Unwin Pte Ltd.
Hack, K. (2001). Defence and deolonisation in Southeast Asia: Britain, Malaya and Singapore 1941-1968. Curzon Press.
Halvorson, D. (2019). Commonwealth responsibility and cold war solidarity: Australia in Asia, 1944-1974. Australian National University Press.
Hara, F. (2017). The Malayan Communist Party as recorded in the comintern files. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRD).
Harper, T. N. (2001). The end of empire and the making of Malaya. Cambridge University Press.
Hess, G. R. (1987). The United States emergence as a Southeast Asian power, 1940-1950. Columbia University Press.
Ho Hui Ling (2004). Darurat 1948-1960: Keadaan sosial di Tanah Melayu. Universiti Malaya.
Jackson, R. (2008). The Malayan Emergency and Indonesian confrontation: The commonwealth’s wars, 1948-1966. Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
Kelly, A. M. (2016). Reassessing the ANZUS alliance: Strategy and diplomacy between Australia, New Zealand and the United States, 1945-1956 [Disertasi kedoktoran]. Western Sydney University.
Leong Yee Fong (1999). Labour and trade unionism in colonial Malaya: A study of the socio-economic and political bases of the Malayan labour movement, 1930-1957. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Lowe, P. (2009). Contending with nationalism and communism: British policy towards Southeast Asia, 1945-65. Palgrave Macmillan.
Mclntyre, W. D. (1995). Background to the Anzus Pact: Policy-makers, strategy and diplomacy, 1945–55. Palgrave Macmillan.
McLane, C. B. (1966). Soviet strategies in Southeast Asia: An exploration of eastern policy under Lenin and Stalin. Princeton Universities Press.
Miller, H. (1972). Jungle war in Malaya: The campaign againts communism, 1948-1960. Arthur Barker Ltd.
Mumford, A. (2017). Counterinsurgency wars and the Anglo-American Alliance: The special relationship on the rocks. Georgetown University Press.
Noorilham Ismail (2019). Darurat di Tanah Melayu dan Amerika Syarikat, 1948-1960 [Tesis Sarjana]. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Rolls, M. G. (2005). Growing a part: New Zealand and Malaysia. Dlm. Smith, A. L. (ed.). Southeast Asia and New Zealand. ISEAS.
Rotter, A. J. (1987). The path to Vietnam: Origins of the American commitment to Southeast Asia. Cornell University Press.
Sah Hadiyatan Ismail (2004). The United States and the decolonisation of British Southeast Asia 1945-1966 [Tesis sarjana]. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Sah Hadiyatan Ismail (2009). The American connection and Australian policy in Southeast Asia, 1945-1965 [Disertasi kedoktoran]. The University of Queensland.
Shakila Yacob (2008). The United States and the Malaysian economy. Routledge.
Six, C. (2018). Secularism, decolonisation, and the cold war in South and Southeast Asia. Routledge.
Sodhy, P. (1982). Passage of empire: United States-Malayan relations to 1966 [Disertasi kedoktoran, University Microfilms International].
Stenson, M. R. (1970). Industrial conflict in Malaya: Prelude to the communist revolt of 1948. Oxford University Press.
Stockwell, A. J. (Ed.). (1995). BDOEE: Series B. Malaya: Part II: The communist insurrection 1948-1953, vol. 3. HMSO.
Stockwell, A. J. (2000). The United States and Britain’s decolonization of Malaya, 1942–57. Dlm. Ryan, D. & Pungong, V. (Eds.). The United States and decolonization: The United States and Britain’s decolonization of Malaya, 1942–57. Palgrave Macmillan.
Stubbs, R. (1989). Hearts and minds in guerilla warfare: The Malayan emergency 1948-1960. Oxford University Press.
Tan Teng Phee (2020). Behind the barbed wire: Chinese new villages during the Malayan emergency, 1948-1960. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRD).
Tarling, N. (2005). Britain, Southeast Asia & the impact of the Korean war. National University of Singapore Press.
The Straits Times, Malaya is in the Secret Pact, 1 May 1953.
Thompson, S. (2019). The United States and Southeast Asian regionalism: Collective security and economic development, 1945-75. Routledge.
Thompson, V., & Adloff, R. (1950). The left wing in Southeast Asia. W. Sloane Associates.
Tonder, G. V. (2017). Malayan emergency triumph of the running dogs 1948-1960. Pen and Sword Military.
Truman, Harry S. (1956). Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Years of trial and hope, vol. 2. Doubleday.
Umetsu, H. (1996). From ANZUS to SEATO - A study of Australian foreign policy, 1950-54 [Disertasi kedoktoran]. University of Sydney.
Wen-Qing Ngoei (2019). Arc of containment, Britain, the United States, and anticommunism in Southeast Asia. Cornell University Press.
White, N. J. (1996). Business, government, and the end of empire: Malaya, 1942-1957. Oxford University Press.
White II, J.W. (1976). The United States and Malaya: 1945-1953 [Tesis Sarjana]. University of Nebraska Omaha.
Telah diterbitkan
2022-07-01
Bagaimana untuk memetik sitasi
Ismail, N.
(2022).
Amerika Syarikat dan Darurat di Tanah Melayu, 1948-1960: Satu Kajian Literatur.
Melayu:Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 15(2), 243-260.
doi:10.37052/jm.15(2)no5
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