Adaptation of Hikayat Hang Tuah in Children's Literature
Abstract
Hang Tuah is a character in the epic Hikayat Hang Tuah which has become the pride of Malay Literature. The epic, and especially the protagonist of the epic, Hang Tuah, have been much discussed. This is also the case where children's literature is concerned, as the Hikayat Hang Tuah has attracted the attention of Malaysian authors to produce adaptations of stories from this epic. The stories linked to the character of Hang Tuah contain many elements of fantasy which makes them suitable for adaptation as children's literature. Establishing what types of adaptations have been made of these stories forms the core of this study. Also, the acceptance of Hang Tuah as a hero of the Malays has been challenged by movements, especially in social realism. As a result, the character of Hang Jebat has become accepted as a heroic figure instead. However, whether or not social realism has influenced adaptations done for children, and whether there has been a shift in the figure of hero as a result of social realism are still unanswered questions which this study addresses. This study has found that adaptations of stories about Hang Tuah for children are mainly partial adaptations, and that the stories chosen for adaptation are especially those containing strong elements of fantasy. Illustrations are also an element in these partial adaptations. The study has found no trace of the influence of social realism in the adaptations. Hang Tuah is still depicted as a heroic figure while Hang Jebat continues to be depicted as the traitor.
Keywords: children's literature, Hang Tuah, adaptations, social realism, illustrations
References
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A. Wahab Hamzah, 2009. "Novel Ke Filem: Mencari Keselarian atau Perbezaan?" Kolokium Sastera dan Media Baru, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, USM, 19 October 2009.
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Hadijah Rahmat, 2006. Peranan dan Perkembangan Sastera Kanak-Kanak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Hakim Shah, 2009a. Hang Tuah Bergelar Biduanda Raja. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009b. Hang Tuah Pahlawan Hebat. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
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Hakim Shah, 2009f. Hang Tuah Memperdaya Taming Sari. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
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Haron Daud, "Kembalikan Hang Tuah Ke Tempatnya" in Jurnal Jebat 28, 107-22, 2001.
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Jamiliah, 2004. Hang Tuah Melawan Hang Jebat. Selangor: Pustaka Mawar.
Julie Sanders, 2006. Adaptation and Appropriation. The New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge
Lynch-Brown and Tomlinson, Carl M., 1999. Essentials of Children's Literature. Third Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Kassim Ahmad, 1969. Perwatakan dalam Hikayat Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kassim Ahmad, 1992. Hikayat Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Md Sidin Ahmad Ishak, 2008. Buku Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia sebagai Warisan Hasil Seni. Kuala Lumpur: Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia.
Mahani Che Ibrahim, 1989. Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
McFarlane, Brian, 1996. Novel to Film. An Introduction to the Theory of Adaptation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Muhammad Haji Salleh, 2003. "Hang Tuah Bercakap Oghang Puteh: Terjemahan dan Penjelmaan Hang Tuah dalam Bahasa Eropah". Kertas kerja Seminar Kebangsaan Hikayat Hang Tuah "Takkan Melayu Hilang Di Dunia" Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, USM, 26-27 September 2003.
Nik Safiah Karim. "Wira dan wirawati dalam Kesusasteraan Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia" in Dewan Sastera Mei 10, 1992.
Noor Suraya, 2012. Hikayat Hang Tuah. Bangi: JS Adiwarna Publications & Distributors.
Usman Awang, 1987. "Matinya Seorang Pahlawan" in Drama-drama Pilihan Sasterawan Negara Usman Awang. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
A. Wahab Hamzah, 2009. "Novel Ke Filem: Mencari Keselarian atau Perbezaan?" Kolokium Sastera dan Media Baru, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, USM, 19 October 2009.
Abdul Jalil Haji Noor, 1963. Hang Tuah Pahlawan Raja Melaka. Siri PahlawanPahlawan Melayu. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional.
Abdul Rahman Napiah,1994. Tuah-Jebat Dalam Drama Melayu: Satu Kajian Intertekstualiti. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Abdullah Ishak, 1993a. Hang Jebat Menderhaka. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Jaya Bakti.
Abdullah Ishak, 1993b. Hang Tuah Laksamana Melaka. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Jaya Bakti.
Abdullah Ishak, 1993c. Fitnah Datuk Kerma Wijaya. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Jaya Bakti.
Abdullah Mustappa, 1974. Hang Tuah. Jakarta: PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya.
Buyong Adil, et al., 1979. Negeri Melaka. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Titiwangsa.
Cheah Boon Kheng, 1994. Feudalisme Melayu: Ciri-ciri dalam Pensejarahan. Penang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Hadijah Rahmat, 2006. Peranan dan Perkembangan Sastera Kanak-Kanak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Hakim Shah, 2009a. Hang Tuah Bergelar Biduanda Raja. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009b. Hang Tuah Pahlawan Hebat. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009c. Hang Tuah Diserang Buaya Putih. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009d. Hang Tuah dan Empat Sahabat. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009e. Hang Tuah Di Majapahit. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009f. Hang Tuah Memperdaya Taming Sari. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Hakim Shah, 2009g. Nasib Hang Tuah Difitnah. Kuala Lumpur: Media Ink Publishing.
Haron Daud, "Kembalikan Hang Tuah Ke Tempatnya" in Jurnal Jebat 28, 107-22, 2001.
Haron Daud. "Membina Jati Diri dan Negara Bangsa Melayu Melalui Sastera" in Dewan Sastera April, 21-26, 2002.
Jamiliah, 2004. Hang Tuah Melawan Hang Jebat. Selangor: Pustaka Mawar.
Julie Sanders, 2006. Adaptation and Appropriation. The New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge
Lynch-Brown and Tomlinson, Carl M., 1999. Essentials of Children's Literature. Third Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Kassim Ahmad, 1969. Perwatakan dalam Hikayat Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kassim Ahmad, 1992. Hikayat Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Md Sidin Ahmad Ishak, 2008. Buku Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia sebagai Warisan Hasil Seni. Kuala Lumpur: Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia.
Mahani Che Ibrahim, 1989. Hang Tuah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
McFarlane, Brian, 1996. Novel to Film. An Introduction to the Theory of Adaptation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Muhammad Haji Salleh, 2003. "Hang Tuah Bercakap Oghang Puteh: Terjemahan dan Penjelmaan Hang Tuah dalam Bahasa Eropah". Kertas kerja Seminar Kebangsaan Hikayat Hang Tuah "Takkan Melayu Hilang Di Dunia" Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, USM, 26-27 September 2003.
Nik Safiah Karim. "Wira dan wirawati dalam Kesusasteraan Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia" in Dewan Sastera Mei 10, 1992.
Noor Suraya, 2012. Hikayat Hang Tuah. Bangi: JS Adiwarna Publications & Distributors.
Usman Awang, 1987. "Matinya Seorang Pahlawan" in Drama-drama Pilihan Sasterawan Negara Usman Awang. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Published
2012-12-08
How to Cite
ABDUL AZIZ, Sohaimi; MD ALI, Rohaya.
Adaptation of Hikayat Hang Tuah in Children's Literature.
Malay Literature, [S.l.], v. 25, n. 2, p. 261-285, dec. 2012.
ISSN 2682-8030.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/MalayLiterature/article/view/5349>. Date accessed: 25 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/ml.25(2)no6.
Section
Archive