Scientific Analysis of Samples from Sungai Batu Archaeological Site, Kedah using X-Ray
(Analisis Saintifik Sampel dari Tapak Arkeologi Sungai Batu, Kedah Menggunakan Aplikasi Sinar-X)
Abstract
Scientific approach in archaeological research is crucial in interpreting archaeological data. X-Ray application in characterising particular material assists archaeologists in discovering the raw material, technology applied usage and other parameters. The Earth Material Characterisation Laboratory at the Center of Archaeological Research at USM provides chemical and mineral analysis of archaeological samples qualitatively and quantitatively using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). This article further discusses the types of analysis and applications that can be implemented to archaeological samples from Sungai Batu archaeological site in Kedah.
Keywords: x-ray, SEM, XRD, XRF
References
Caspar, M. J. (2001). Thermal transformation in kaolinite clay minerals. In Carty, W. M. (Ed.). Ceramics Engineering & Science Proceedings: Materials & Equipment and Whitewares, 22(2), 149 - 158.
Douglas J. Kennett. (2012). Scientific method in archaeology, the Oxford companion to archaeology (2nd Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellery Frahm. (2014). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Applications in archaeology.In Encyclopedia of global archaeology (pp. 6487 - 6495).
Ellery Frahm. (2014). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Applications in archaeology. University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom: Department of Archaeology.
J. Froh. (2004). Archaeological ceramics studied by scanning electron microscopy. Hyperfine Interactions, 154, 159 - 176.
Hamzah Mohamad. (2015). Application of X-Ray Technique (XRD) in Geoarchaeology Study: Case Study from Archaeology Site at Sungai Batu, Kedah.
Hamzah Mohamad, Ahmad Fadly Jusoh, Mokhtar Saidin, & Izzati Hazlina Marudin. (2015). Application of X-Ray Technique (XRD) in Geoarchaeology Study: Case Study from Archaeology Site at Sungai Batu, Kedah. In Proceeding in National Geoscience Conference 2015.
Iklil Izzati Zakaria. (2014). Kajian arkeologi di tapak jeti SB2B dan SB2D, Kompleks Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang (Unpublished). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Iklil Izzati Zakaria. (2015). Kajian manik di Lembah Bujang: Konteks teknologi dan perkembangan sosial (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
M.S. Shackley (Ed.). (2011). X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) in Geoarchaeology, Springer Science Business Media.
Naizatul Akma Mohd. Mokhtar. (2012). Ekskavasi tapak peleburan besi SB2A, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Nieman, T. A. (1998). Principles of instrumental analysis (5th Ed.). Belmont, Ca: Thomson Brooks.
Siti Nurul Siha. (2014). Ekskavasi Tapak SB1C, SB1D, SB1E dan SB1F di Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang Kedah (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Suhana Yusof. (2015). Ekskavasi tapak monumen SB1P, SB1Q, SB1W, dan SB1X di Kompleks Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Zuliskandar Ramli, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman, Adnan Jusoh, & Mohd. Zobir Hussien. (2012). Compositional analysis on ancient bricks from Candi Sungai Mas (Site32/34), Bujang Valley, Kedah. American Jurnal of Applied Sciences, 9(2), pp. 196 - 201.
Zulkornian Hassan, Stephen Chia, & Hamid Isa. (2011). Survey and excavation of an ancient monument in Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah. In Andaya, Stephen Chia, & Barbara Watson, Bujang Valley and early civilization in Southeast Asia. Pulau Pinang: Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Douglas J. Kennett. (2012). Scientific method in archaeology, the Oxford companion to archaeology (2nd Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellery Frahm. (2014). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Applications in archaeology.In Encyclopedia of global archaeology (pp. 6487 - 6495).
Ellery Frahm. (2014). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Applications in archaeology. University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom: Department of Archaeology.
J. Froh. (2004). Archaeological ceramics studied by scanning electron microscopy. Hyperfine Interactions, 154, 159 - 176.
Hamzah Mohamad. (2015). Application of X-Ray Technique (XRD) in Geoarchaeology Study: Case Study from Archaeology Site at Sungai Batu, Kedah.
Hamzah Mohamad, Ahmad Fadly Jusoh, Mokhtar Saidin, & Izzati Hazlina Marudin. (2015). Application of X-Ray Technique (XRD) in Geoarchaeology Study: Case Study from Archaeology Site at Sungai Batu, Kedah. In Proceeding in National Geoscience Conference 2015.
Iklil Izzati Zakaria. (2014). Kajian arkeologi di tapak jeti SB2B dan SB2D, Kompleks Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang (Unpublished). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Iklil Izzati Zakaria. (2015). Kajian manik di Lembah Bujang: Konteks teknologi dan perkembangan sosial (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
M.S. Shackley (Ed.). (2011). X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) in Geoarchaeology, Springer Science Business Media.
Naizatul Akma Mohd. Mokhtar. (2012). Ekskavasi tapak peleburan besi SB2A, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Nieman, T. A. (1998). Principles of instrumental analysis (5th Ed.). Belmont, Ca: Thomson Brooks.
Siti Nurul Siha. (2014). Ekskavasi Tapak SB1C, SB1D, SB1E dan SB1F di Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang Kedah (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Suhana Yusof. (2015). Ekskavasi tapak monumen SB1P, SB1Q, SB1W, dan SB1X di Kompleks Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Zuliskandar Ramli, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman, Adnan Jusoh, & Mohd. Zobir Hussien. (2012). Compositional analysis on ancient bricks from Candi Sungai Mas (Site32/34), Bujang Valley, Kedah. American Jurnal of Applied Sciences, 9(2), pp. 196 - 201.
Zulkornian Hassan, Stephen Chia, & Hamid Isa. (2011). Survey and excavation of an ancient monument in Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah. In Andaya, Stephen Chia, & Barbara Watson, Bujang Valley and early civilization in Southeast Asia. Pulau Pinang: Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Published
2018-07-01
How to Cite
ABDULLAH, Abdul Mutalib et al.
Scientific Analysis of Samples from Sungai Batu Archaeological Site, Kedah using X-Ray.
Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. 252-270, july 2018.
ISSN 2682-8049.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Melayu/article/view/3347>. Date accessed: 04 may 2024.
Section
Articles
