Leadership of Malacca Sultanate Rulers In Establishing Diplomatic Relations

(Kepemimpinan Pemerintah Kesultanan Melayu dalam Menjalinkan Hubungan Diplomatik)

  • Salmah Jan Noor Muhammad Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Abstract

Leadership is the ability of a government in shaping the people's mind to achieve goals that have been planned together in order to strengthen its administration especially in establishing diplomatic relations with other countries. Without the mobilization of intellectual and physical cooperation from these two groups, it is impossible for a government to succeed in its diplomatic missions. Therefore, this article will discuss the leadership of the Malay Sultanate in establishing diplomatic relations through data analysis of the events described in historiographic manuscripts such as Sulalat al-Salatin, Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah, Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa and Tuhfat al-Nafis. In addition, this article also describes the effectiveness of this leadership in response to the diplomatic relations that had been initiated by and accepted from other governments. The result of the study will show that a variety of methods or approaches were used by the rulers of the Malay Sultanate in advancing the government's reputation from the economic, social and physical aspects.


Keywords: leadership, leaders/rulers, Malay Sultanate, diplomatic, historiography

Author Biography

Salmah Jan Noor Muhammad, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Malay Language Department,
Faculty of Modern Language and Communication

References

Abdullah Hassan & Ainon Mohd. (2005). Kemahiran interpersonal untuk guru. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Publications & Distributor Sdn. Bhd

Abdur-Rahman Mohamed Amin. (2015). Sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam Sulalat us-Salatin. Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 8 (1), 45- 62.

Abu Hassan Sham. (2001). Bahasa, kesusasteraan, kesenian, proses sosialisasi dan pembudayaan masyarakat Melayu. Tamadun Islam dan Tamadun Asia. Mohd Taib Osman (ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

Ahmad Jelani Halimi. (2008). Sejarah dan tamadun bangsa Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors.

Arbai'yah Mohd Noor. (2014). Menelusuri nilai etika dalam pemerintahan Johor- Riau-Lingga menerusi naskhah Tuhfat al- Nafis versi Terengganu. Prosiding naskhah dan relevasinya dalam kehidupan masa kini. Yumi Sugahara (ed.). (pp. 165-185). Universitas Andalas :Pusat Studi dan Informasi Kebudayaan Minangkabau.

A. Samad Ahmad (comp.). (2010). Sulalatus Salatin: Sejarah Melayu (Edisi Kesepuluh). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Bustan al-Salatin (Universiti Malaya, MS 41).

Gallop, Annabel Teh. (1994). Warisan warkah Melayu. London: The British Library.

Hooker, Virgina Matheson (comp.). (1998). Tuhfat al-Nafis. Kuala Lumpur: Yayasan Karyawan dan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Jelani Harun. (2003). Pemikiran adab ketatanegaraan Kesultanan Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Jelani Harun. (2009). Bustan al-Salatin: A Malay mirror for rulers. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Mahani Musa. (2015). The memory of the world register: The Sultan Abdul Hamid correspondence and Kedah history. Kajian Malaysia, 33(2), 53-74.

Mohamad Faisol Keling & Mohammad Fuad Othman. (2006). Pengajian strategi ilmu sebagai disiplin. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors.

Mohamed Nazreen Shahul Hamid & Md. Salleh Yaapar. (2015). Adaptasi teks Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa kepada filem: Analisis perbandingan unsur naratif. Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 8 (1), 201- 223.

Mohd Azhar Abdul Hamid. (2004). EQ : Panduan meningkatkan Kecerdasan Emosi. Batu Caves: PTS Publications & Distributors.

Mohd Zahid bin Mohd Shah (eds.). (1968). Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Mokhtar Muhammad. (2005). Perhubungan antarabangsa: Konsep dan konteks. Kuala Lumpur: Anzagain Sdn. Bhd.

Muhammad Yusoff Hashim. (1992). Pensejarahan Melayu: Kajian tentang tradisi sejarah Melayu Nusantara. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka dan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

Nasihat al-Muluk (SOAS, Universiti London, MS 4639)

Northouse, Peter Guy. (1997). Leadership: theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.

Pogadaev, Victor A. (2010). Perjuangan Kesultanan Aceh mempertahankan kemerdekaannya: Diplomasi sulit dan politik intrik. Jurnal Terjemahan Alam & Tamadun Melayu, 2(1), 182-193.

Salmah Jan. (2015). Warkah sebagai medium diplomatik Kesultanan Melayu dalam menjalankan hubungan dengan kuasa Barat. Jurnal Melayu, 14 (1), 136 - 148.

Siti Hawa Salleh (comp.). (1998). Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa. Kuala Lumpur: Yayasan Karyawan dan Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

Zulhilmi Paidi & Asrar Omar (eds.). 2003. Hubungan luar antarabangsa. Bentong: PTS Publication & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Published
2017-12-01
How to Cite
NOOR MUHAMMAD, Salmah Jan. Leadership of Malacca Sultanate Rulers In Establishing Diplomatic Relations. Malay Literature, [S.l.], v. 30, n. 2, p. 181-203, dec. 2017. ISSN 2682-8030. Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/MalayLiterature/article/view/2550>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/ml.30(2)no1.