Juridical Mapping of Section 70 of the Syariah Criminal Procedure (Federal Territories) Act 1997 [Act 560]: Implications for Syariah Criminal Offences in Cyberspace)
Abstract
Syariah criminal offences, once conventional in nature, have evolved in the modern era, often being associated with cybercrimes that transcend geographical boundaries. However, Syariah courts remain confined to their respective state jurisdictions, as stipulated under Schedule 2, Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution. This raises a critical question: are the existing legal provisions still relevant and effective in combating Syariah cybercrimes, or is there a need for legal reform? Accordingly, this study highlights the need to examine Section 70 of the Syariah Criminal Procedure (Federal Territories) Act 1997 [Act 560], along with relevant state enactments. A legal mapping method was adopted to explore the interconnection and applicability of current legal provisions in the context of cybercrime enforcement. To support this inquiry, a qualitative research design was employed. Data were collected through document analysis, and further analysed using qualitative content analysis through inductive and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that existing legal provisions under Section 70 of Act 560 require further specification and contextual application in addressing Syariah criminal offences committed in cyberspace. The study proposes the formulation of comprehensive guidelines, such as a Syariah Judicial Practice Direction, to create a uniform framework across various state jurisdictions. This would promote consistency, coordination, and enforcement of Syariah law in the face of contemporary cyber challenges.
Keywords: Syariah criminal offences, cybercrimes, jurisdiction of Syariah courts, Syariah Criminal Procedure Act, cybercrime enforcement, cyberspace
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21. Junger, M. (2019). Cyber-offenders versus traditional offenders: An empirical comparison. Tijdschrift Voor Criminologie, 61(1), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.5553/tvc/0165182x2019061001005
22. Kanwar, G. R. (2021). Role of internet and social media in socio-economic transformation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 4(3), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.48175/Ijarsct-V4-I3-009
23. Khairul Azhar Meerangani, Ahmad Faqih Ibrahim, Muhammad Yasin Omar Mukhtar, Muhammad Hilmi Mat Johar, Adam Badhrulhisham, & Muhammad Asyraf Ahmad Termimi. (2022). Cybercrime and its violation of digital platform security: An Islamic law perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(3), 503–515. https://doi.org/10.6007/Ijarped/V11-I3/14564
24. Mazni Abdul Wahab. (2016). Arahan amalan Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia di mahkamah syariah: Suatu sorotan literatur. Journal of Shariah Law Research, 1(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.22452/jslr.vol1no2.1
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35. Staniforth, A. (2017). Cyber-dependent crime. Dlm. M. Rowe (Penyunting), Blackstone’s police. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723905.003.0007
36. Tuan Muhammad Faris Hamzi Tuan Ibrahim, Mohd Sobri Faisal, & Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin. (2024). Judi dalam talian: Analisis awal isu dan cabaran pendakwaan di bawah Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah di Malaysia. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 33(4), 1–10. https://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/945
37. Tuan Nurhidayah Tuan Ab.Ghani. (2024, 4 November). Polis siasat lelaki hina Islam di media sosial. Kosmo Digital. https://www.kosmo.com.my/2024/11/04/polis-siasat-lelaki-hina-islam-di-media-sosial/
38. Wright, C. S. (2023). Geographical aspects of cybercrime: A literature review. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/Ssrn.4521486
39. Zubaidi Sulaiman, & Ahmad Hidayat Buang. (2021). Keabsahan dan pemakaian arahan amalan dalam pentadbiran kehakiman dari perspektif undang-undang syariah dan sivil: Suatu perbandingan. Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, 33(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.37052/Kanun.33(1)No2
Published
2025-07-31
How to Cite
TUAN IBRAHIM, Tuan Muhammad Faris Hamzi et al.
Juridical Mapping of Section 70 of the Syariah Criminal Procedure (Federal Territories) Act 1997 [Act 560]: Implications for Syariah Criminal Offences in Cyberspace).
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 37, n. 2, p. 263–282, july 2025.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <http://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/9025>. Date accessed: 02 aug. 2025.
Section
Articles
