The Wearing of Turbans among Muslims and Sikh Followers in Malaysia: Is There Discrimination?
(Pemakaian Serban dalam Kalangan Penganut Islam dan Sikh di Malaysia: Wujudkah Diskriminasi?)
Abstract
Muslims, especially students, are often prohibited from wearing turbans in schools as well as while riding motorcycles, whereas Sikh followers are given leeway to wear turbans at all times and occasions. This situation suggests that there exists discrimination in law enforcement, even though the law guarantees equality for all religions in Malaysia. This article aims to determine whether there exists racial discrimination with regard to the wearing of turbans by Muslims and Sikhs in Malaysia. The finding shows that the special exception given to the Sikhs is to foster racial understanding and to protect their right, whereby wearing if the turban is compulsory, while for Muslims it is merely encouraged.
Keywords: turban, Islam, Sikhism, discrimination, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) 1969
References
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Redha. (1970). Fatawa Muhammad Rasyid Redha (Jilid 2) (p. 764). Kaherah: Dar al-Kutub al-Jadidah.
Sarjit S. Gill. (2008). Peranan Gurdwara dalam pembentukan identiti Sikh di Malaysia: Antara ideal dan praktis. Akademika, 73(Mei).
Sikh Coalition.org. Sikh Theology: Why Sikhs wear a turban. Retrieved from http://www.sikhcoalition.org/Sikhism11.asp.
Sikhism Guide. Five Sikh symbols. Retrieved from http://www.sikhismguide.org/fiveks.aspx.
Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia (SUHAKAM). (2015). Siaran Media. Menyeru kerajaan untuk menyertai Konvensyen Antarabangsa tentang Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Perkauman 1969.
(2006). Pelajar ditegah berserban-bukan sebahagian daripada pakaian seragam sekolah: Hakim. Utusan Online, Retrieved from http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/ at 17 Disember 2016.
(2009). Saman Pelajar Berserban agar Elak Jadi Trend. Utusan Online, Retrieved from http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info asp?y=2009&dt=0120&pub = UtusanMalaysia&sec=Terkini&pg=bt_22.htm at 16 Disember 2016.
Ahmad Masum. (2009). Freedom of religion under the Malaysian Federal Constitution. Current Law Journal (CLJ) (A)i, 2.
Al-Shawkani. (1415H/1995M). Nayl al-Awtar min Ahadith Sayyid al-Akhyar Syarah Muntaqa al-Akhbar (Jilid 2) (p. 10). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Aman Daima. (2002). Perbandingan pemakaian dastar dalam agama Sikh dan serban dalam agama Islam. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 5, 2.
Azman Mahmood. (2009, 18 Februari). Polis kena adil kuat kuasa pemakaian serban: Mufti. Berita Harian, Retrieved from https://epondok.wordpress.com/2009/02/18/polis-kena-adil-kuat-kuasa-pemakaian-serban-mufti/.
Basir Abu Bakar. (2016). Rambut mengikut kepercayaan Sikh. Kosmo!, Retrieved from http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.
Basri Ibrahim, Wan Mohd. Yusuf Wan Chik, & Muhammad Zaid Ismail. (2009). Kupasan pemakaian serban ketika menunggang motosikal berdasarkan fiqh keutamaan. Jurnal Syariah, 17(1), 33.
Deklarasi Hak Manusia Sejagat (UDHR). Retrieved from www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-of-human-rights/.
n.n. (2008, 10 Mac). Undang-undang mempersoalkan serban tetapi membela Sikh. Harakah Daily, Retrieved from http://www.milosuam.net/2010/03/undang-undang-mempersoal-serban-tetapi.html.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. (1422H/1990M). Zad al-Ma'ad fi Hadyi Khayr al-'Ibad (Jilid 1). (p. 7). Kaherah: Dar al-Haitham.
Isma Ismail. (2 Julai 2008). Naik motor pakai serban adakah suatu kesalahan? Harian Metro, Retrieved from https://almizan.wordpress.com/2008/07/02/naik-motor-pakai-serban-adalah-satu-kesalahan/.
Jessica Meyers. (2009). North Texas college students try on turbans, new perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.sikhnet.com/news/north-texas-college-students-try-turbans-new-perspectives.
Juhaidi Yean Abdullah. (2016, 26 November). Antara serban Muslim, dastar Sikh. Sinar Harian, Retrieved from http://www.sinarharian.com.my/mobile/karya/pendapat/antara-serban-muslim-dastar-sikh-1.591007 at 17 Disember 2016.
Kaedah-kaedah Motosikal (Topi Keledar) 1973 dibaca bersama-sama Pengecualian 1975.
Kamus Dewan. (2007) (p. 1467). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2011). Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bilangan 3 Tahun 2011. Peraturan berkenaan Rambut dan Pemakaian Steel Bangle (Kara) oleh Murid-murid Keturunan Sikh.
Konvensyen Antarabangsa mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Perkauman (ICERD). Retrieved from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx.
Malaysia Ministry of Education allows turbans and berads for students. Retrieved from http://www.srsofchicago.com/malaysia-ministry-of-education-allows-turbans-and-beards-for-students/.
Manvir Singh Khalsa. (2005). Who are Sikh? Oxford Sikhs. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordsikhs.com/SikhAwareness/117.aspx.
Margaret Walton-Roberts. (2014). Three readings of the Turban: Sikh identity in Greater Vancouver (p. 319). Department of Geography, University of British Columbia.
Mohd. Ismail Othman. (2008). Undang-undang untuk Pengetua dan Guru Besar (3th ed.). Selangor: PTS Publications.
Muhammad Nur Lubis. (1999). Mengapa tidak berserban? Kuala Lumpur: Al-Hidayah Publishers.
Muslim. (1401H/1981M). Sahih Muslim (Jilid 1). Kitab al-Hajj. Istanbul.
Neha Singh Gohil, & Dawinder S. Sidhu. (2008). The Sikh turban: Post-911 challenges to this article of faith. Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, 9(2), 11.
n.n. (2009, 19 Januari). Kes serban: Pelajar pondok pilih penjara daripada bayar denda. Harakah Daily. Retrieved from http://www.harakahdaily.net/.
n.n. (2009, 21 Januari). Pengecualian topi keledar dikaji. Berita Harian.Dipetik daripada Lajnah Undang-undang dan Hak Asasi Manusia Dewan Pemuda Pas Negeri Kelantan. Retrieved from http://luhampas.blogspot.my/2009/01/pengecualian-topi-keledar-dikaji.html.
n.n. (n.d.). Sikh and Their Turban. Retrieved from http://www.sikhmarg.com/english/sikh-turban.html. at 16 Disember 2016.
n.n. (n.d.). The Turban in Islam. Retrieved from http://www.everymuslim.co.za/index.php/articles-menu/meritorious-deeds-menu/1405-the- turban-in-islam.
n.n. (n.d.). Why do Sikh wear Turban? Retrieved from http://fateh.sikhnet.com/s/WhyTurbans#SikhIdentity.
Pengecualian Topi Keledar bagi Mereka yang Berserban - Aktivis Jalan Raya. Retrieved from http://bm.therakyatpost.com/berita/2016/01/11/pengecualian-topi-keledar-kepada-mereka-yang-berserban-aktivis-jalan-raya/.
Perjanjian Antarabangsa mengenai Hak Sivil dan Politik. Retrieved from http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx.
Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
Redha. (1970). Fatawa Muhammad Rasyid Redha (Jilid 2) (p. 764). Kaherah: Dar al-Kutub al-Jadidah.
Sarjit S. Gill. (2008). Peranan Gurdwara dalam pembentukan identiti Sikh di Malaysia: Antara ideal dan praktis. Akademika, 73(Mei).
Sikh Coalition.org. Sikh Theology: Why Sikhs wear a turban. Retrieved from http://www.sikhcoalition.org/Sikhism11.asp.
Sikhism Guide. Five Sikh symbols. Retrieved from http://www.sikhismguide.org/fiveks.aspx.
Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia (SUHAKAM). (2015). Siaran Media. Menyeru kerajaan untuk menyertai Konvensyen Antarabangsa tentang Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Perkauman 1969.
(2006). Pelajar ditegah berserban-bukan sebahagian daripada pakaian seragam sekolah: Hakim. Utusan Online, Retrieved from http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/ at 17 Disember 2016.
(2009). Saman Pelajar Berserban agar Elak Jadi Trend. Utusan Online, Retrieved from http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info asp?y=2009&dt=0120&pub = UtusanMalaysia&sec=Terkini&pg=bt_22.htm at 16 Disember 2016.
Published
2018-07-01
How to Cite
ISMAIL, Shahrul Mizan; MARZIDIN, Aini Afiqah.
The Wearing of Turbans among Muslims and Sikh Followers in Malaysia: Is There Discrimination?.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 30, n. 2, p. 290-312, july 2018.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/2472>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
