Human Rights Principles According to International Law and Syariah Perspectives: A Comparison
(Prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia menurut Undang-undang Antarabangsa dan Hukum Syarak: Suatu Perbandingan)
Abstract
This article uses the comparative approach in analyzing four civil and political rights namely personal liberty, freedom of religion, gender equality and freedom of speech from international law and syariah perspectives. The analysis finds that the secular law of nations clearly differs from the religious law. Syariah contains restrictions and prohibitions (from committing sins) which are not recognized by the international human rights law. Nevertheless there are similarities between the two laws with regard to the aspect of personal liberty.
Keywords: human rights, international law, syariah, personal liberty, freedom of religion, gender equality, freedom of expression
References
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Shamrahayu A. Aziz, 2012. "Islamic Concept of Human Rights" dlm. Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Sein (ed.). Human Rights Law: International, Malaysian and Islamic Perspectives. Selangor: Sweet and Maxwell Asia, hlm. 321-31.
Shaikh Shaukat Hussain, 2001. Human Rights in Islam. Edisi ke-3. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, hlm. 47-48.t.n. Department of States Bulletin, hlm. 751, 19 Disember 1948.
Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Sein, 2011. Public International Law: A Practical Approach. Edisi ke-3. Selangor: Thompson Reuters, Sweet and Maxwell Asia.
ABM, 2002. "Mahbubul Islam" dlm. Freedom of Religion in Shari'ah: A Comparative Analysis. Kuala Lumpur: A. S. Noordeen, hlm. 127-29.
Abul A'la Mawdudi, 1980. Human Rights in Islam. Edisi ke-2. United Kingdom: The Islamic Foundation, hlm. 26;
Agarwal, H. O., 1999. International Law and Human Rights. Edisi ke-5. Allahabad: Central Law Publications, hlm. 656-57.
Ahmad F. Yousif, 1998. Religious Freedom, Minorities and Islam: An Inquiry into the Malaysian Experience. Selangor: Thinker's Library, hlm. 38-39.
Ahmad Kamarudin Hamzah, 2004. "Jenayah Riddah: Antara Had dan Takzir" dlm. Zaini Nasohah et al., (e d .). Syariah dan Undang-undang: Suatu Perbandingan. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributors, h l m . 110 -17.
Al-'Asqalani, Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn Hajar, t.th. Fath al-Bari. Jilid 4. Al-Mansurah: Maktabah al-Iman, hlm. 120.
Ala'Eddin Kharofa, 1994. Nationalism, Secularism, Apostasy and Usury in Islam. Kuala Lumpur: A.S. Noordeen, hlm. 49.
Al-Awa, Mohamed Salim, 1982. Punishment in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study. Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, hlm. 54-55.
Al-Azadi, Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ash'at al-Sajastani, 1419H/1998. Sunan Abi Dawud. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, hlm. 657.
Al-Bukhari, Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Isma'il, 1419H/1999. Sahih al-Bukhari. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam li-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi'.
Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf, 1999. Golongan Bukan Muslim dalam Masyarakat Islam. Diterjemahkan oleh Arsil Ibrahim. Kuala Lumpur: Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia, hlm. 17.
Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf, 2001. Jarimah al-Riddah wa 'Uqubat al-Murtad fi Daw' al-Qur'an wa-al-Sunnah. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risalah.
Al-Qurtubi, Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Ansari, t. th. Al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an. Jilid 5. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.
Al-Shawkani, Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Muhammad, t. th. Nayl al-Awtar. Jilid 7. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Tarikh al-'Arabi.
Al-Shawkani, Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Muhammad, 1418H/1998. Fath al-Qadir al-Jami' bayn Fannay al-Riwayah wa-al-Dirayah min 'Ilm al-Tafsir. Jilid 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi.
Donna E. Arzt, 1996. "The Treatment of Religious Dissidents under Classical and Contemporary Islamic Law" dlm. John Witte, Jr. dan Johan D. van der Vyver (ed.). Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspective. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, hlm. 387-453.
Hashim Mehat, 1991. Malaysian Law and Islamic Law on Sentencing. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Services.
Howard Davis, 2007. Human Rights Law Directions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 344.
ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fida' Isma'il, 1420H/2000. Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim. Jilid 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi.
Jr. dan Johan D. van der Vyver (ed.). Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspective. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, hlm. 387-453
Kharofa. Nationalism, Secularism, Apostasy and Usury in Islam, hlm. 45-46.
Malik ibn Anas, 1418H/1997. Al-Muwatta'. Beirut: Dar Ahya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, hlm. 454.
Mohammad Hashim Kamali, 1998. Freedom of Expression in Islam. Edisi Semakan. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers, hlm. 97-98.
Muhammad Abu Zahrah, t. th. Al-'Uqu b ah. Kaherah: Dar al-Fikr al-'Arabi, hlm. 172.
Muhammad Muhsin Khan, 1997. The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari: Arabic-English. Jilid 3. Riyadh: Darussalam, hlm. 74.
S. A. Rahman, 1996. Punishment of Apostasy in Islam. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, hlm. 38.
Said Ibrahim, 1998. Jinayah Murtad dari Sudut Hukum Syara' dan Perundangan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Darul Ma'rifah.
Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi, 1980. The Islamic Law and Constitution. Diterjemahkan oleh Khurshid Ahmad (ed.). Edisi ke-7. Lahore: Islamic Publications, hlm. 297.
Shad Saleem Faruqi. "Separating Fact from Fiction" dlm. The Star, 2 Mei 2007, hlm. N41.
Shamrahayu A. Aziz, 2012. "Islamic Concept of Human Rights" dlm. Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Sein (ed.). Human Rights Law: International, Malaysian and Islamic Perspectives. Selangor: Sweet and Maxwell Asia, hlm. 321-31.
Shaikh Shaukat Hussain, 2001. Human Rights in Islam. Edisi ke-3. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, hlm. 47-48.t.n. Department of States Bulletin, hlm. 751, 19 Disember 1948.
Published
2017-02-08
How to Cite
MOHD. KAMAL, Mohd. Hisham.
Human Rights Principles According to International Law and Syariah Perspectives: A Comparison.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 29, n. 1, p. 72-99, feb. 2017.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/4384>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
