Fraud in Relation to Unregistered Interest: An Analysis
(Fraud Berkaitan dengan Kepentingan yang Tidak Berdaftar: Satu Analisis)
Abstract
This article analyses the definition of fraud as an exception to the principle of indefeasibility of title under section 340(2) NLC with special reference to the effect of notice on unregistered interest. An analysis of decided cases regarding court standing as to the position of unregistered parties in Malaysia is also made for a holistic look at the importance of "knowledge or notice" of unregistered interest in the concept of indefeasibility of title according to land law. This article also highlights some proposed solutions for the protection of unregistered interest.
Keywords: fraud, unregistered interest, case analysis, solutions and conclusion
References
Abu Bakar bin Ismail & Anor lwn Ismail bin Husin & Ors and other Appeals [2007] 4 MLJ 489
Abdul Rahim bin Aki lwn Krubong Industrial Park (Melaka) Sdn Bhd & Lain-Lain [1995] 2 MLJ 130
Adam Graycar, 2000. "Fraud Prevention and Control In Australia." Conference on Fraud Prevention and Control, Surfers Paradise, Australia, 24 -25 Ogos.
Adrian J Bradbrook, Susan V MacCallum, Anthony P Moore, 2007. Australian Real Property Law. Edisi ke-4. New South Wales: Lawbook Company.
Ainul Jaria Maidin, 2008. "Historical Development of Land Law in Malaysia" in Principles of Malaysian Land Law. Kuala Lumpur: Lexis Nexis, Malayan Law Journal.
Anesh Ganasan, "Pindaan Kanun Tanah Negara 1965: Hala Tuju Kanun Tanah Negara & Sistem Pentadbiran Tanah Masa Hadapan," (Capaian - 30 November 2013) daripada laman web www.nre.gov.my
Assets Co lwn Mere Roihi [1905] AC 176, Per Lord Lindley.
Barry C Crown,"Whither Torrens Title in Singapore" dlm. 22 Singapore Academy of Law Journal, hlm. 9-35, 2010.
Beh Lee Liang lwn Chew Sah Suak [1995] 4 MLJ 397
Ben McEniery, "A Dedicated means of Giving Notice of the Existence of Unregistered Interests under Torrens" dlm. Australian Property Law Journal 12(3), hlm. 314, 2006.
Datuk Jagindar Singh & Ors lwn Tara Rajaratnam [1983] 2 MLJ 196.
David S Y Wong, 1975. Tenure and Land Dealings in the Malay States. Singapura: Singapore Universiti Press.
Douglas, J. Whalan, 1982. The Torrens System in Australia. Sydney: The Law Book Company Limited.
Frazer lwn Walker [1967] AC 569.
G.W, Hinde, D.W. McMorland, P.B.A. Sim, 1978. Land Law. Volume 1.Wellington: Butterworths of New Zealand Ltd.
Govindasamy Muthulingam lwn Ooi Kee Chye & Anor [2012] 1 CLJ 875.
Greg Taylor, "The Torrens System in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick" dlm. Australian Property Law Journal, hlm. 307-08, 2009.
Halsbury's Laws of Malaysia, 2003. Family Law and Land. Vol. 8. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Sdn Bhd.
Hunud Abia Kadouf, "The Interplay between Statutory Rules and Equitable Doctrines and the Dilemma of Recognising Customary Security Transactions Under The Malaysian Land Law" dlm. IIUM Law Journal 7, hlm. 19, 1991.
Jit Singh a/l Kishen Singh lwn Bakshi Singh a/l Kishen Singh & Anor [2010] 7 MLJ 149
John Baalman, 1961. The Singapore Torrens System. Singapura: Singapore Government Printer.
Joshua Kevin Sathiaseelan, 2006. Prinsip-prinsip Penting Perundangan Tanah di Malaysia. Selangor: Lexis Nexis, Malayan Law Journal.
Judith Sihombing, 1992. National Land Code: A Commentary. Edisi ke-2. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Law Journal.
Kanun Tanah Negara 1965.
Lai Soon Cheong lwn Kien Loong Housing Development Sdn Bhd [1993] 2 CLJ 199
Land Transfer Act 1915 ( New Zealand).
Lian Keow Sdn Bhd lwn Overseas Credit Finance (M) Sdn Bhd [1988] 2 MLJ 449.
Model Title Act.
Mohamed Isa lwn Haji Ibrahim [1968] 1 MLJ 186.
OCBC Bank (M) Bhd lwn Lee Lee Fah & ors and another Appeal [2000] 1 MLJ 134
Ontario Land Titles Act 1990.
Pekan Nenas Industries Sdn Bhd lwn Chang Ching Chuen & Ors [1998] 1 MLJ 465
Perwira Habib Bank lwn Bank Bumiputra [1988] 3 MLJ 55
PJTV Denson (M) Sdn Bhd & Ors lwn Roxy (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd [1980] 2 MLJ 136.
Puncak Klasik lwn Foh Chong & Sons [1998] 1 CLJ 601
R P Thomas, "Land Transfer Fraud and Unregistered Interests" dlm. New Zealand Recent Law Review, hlm. 219, 1994.
Rouhshi Low, 2008. "The Use of Technology to Automate the Registration Process within the Torrens System and Its Impact on Fraud: An Analysis". Thesis Ph.D, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
S.K. Das, 1963. The Torrens System in Malaya. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Ltd.
Salleh Buang, 1995. Malaysian Law on Caveats. Selangor: Central Law Book Corporation Sdn Bhd.
Salleh Buang, 1993. Undang-undang Tanah di Malaysia. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Sharon Rodrick, "Forgeries, False Attestation and Impostors: Torrens System Mortgages and the Fraud Exception to Indefeasibility" dlm. Deakin Law Review 7(1), hlm. 114, 2002.
Sime Bank lwn Mohd Hassan bin Sulaiman [2000]2 MLJ 158.
Stuart lwn Kingston (1923) 32 CLR 309.
Tan Ching Tan @ Tan Chin Huan & 2 Yang Lain lwn Malayan Banking Berhad & 6 Yang Lain [2005] MLJU 646
Tai Lee Finance Co Sdn Bhd lwn Official Assignee & Ors [1983] 1 MLJ 81.
Tan Hang Wu, Loh Khian Chung, "A Law Which Favours Forgers? Land Fraud in Two Jurisdiction" dlm. Australian Property Law Journal 19(2) , hlm. 4, 2011.
Tan Sook Yee, 2001. Principles of Singapore Land Law. Edisi ke-2. Singapura: Butterworths Asia.
The Canadian Joint Land Titles Committee.
Tueh Guat Choo lwn Cheah Ah Hoe [1923] 1 MLJ 109.
Visu Sinnadurai, 1996. Jual Beli Harta Tanah di Malaysia. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Waimiha Co Ltd lwn Waione Timber Co Ltd [1926] AC 101.
Wang Muh Rong, "Equity, Notice, Fraud and Personal Equities in Australia and Malaysia: A Comparative Study" [1996] 2 CLJ xxxix.
Wicks lwn Bennett (1921) 30 CLR 80.
Yong Chiu Mei, "Equity and Indefeasibility of Title and Interests in Land under the Peninsular Malaysian National Land Code 1965 (Part 1)" dlm. Malayan Law Journal 2, xlix hlm. li, 2006.
Zainal Abidin Mohamed lwn Rozlan Abdul Aziz & Anor [2003] 7 CLJ 132
Abdul Rahim bin Aki lwn Krubong Industrial Park (Melaka) Sdn Bhd & Lain-Lain [1995] 2 MLJ 130
Adam Graycar, 2000. "Fraud Prevention and Control In Australia." Conference on Fraud Prevention and Control, Surfers Paradise, Australia, 24 -25 Ogos.
Adrian J Bradbrook, Susan V MacCallum, Anthony P Moore, 2007. Australian Real Property Law. Edisi ke-4. New South Wales: Lawbook Company.
Ainul Jaria Maidin, 2008. "Historical Development of Land Law in Malaysia" in Principles of Malaysian Land Law. Kuala Lumpur: Lexis Nexis, Malayan Law Journal.
Anesh Ganasan, "Pindaan Kanun Tanah Negara 1965: Hala Tuju Kanun Tanah Negara & Sistem Pentadbiran Tanah Masa Hadapan," (Capaian - 30 November 2013) daripada laman web www.nre.gov.my
Assets Co lwn Mere Roihi [1905] AC 176, Per Lord Lindley.
Barry C Crown,"Whither Torrens Title in Singapore" dlm. 22 Singapore Academy of Law Journal, hlm. 9-35, 2010.
Beh Lee Liang lwn Chew Sah Suak [1995] 4 MLJ 397
Ben McEniery, "A Dedicated means of Giving Notice of the Existence of Unregistered Interests under Torrens" dlm. Australian Property Law Journal 12(3), hlm. 314, 2006.
Datuk Jagindar Singh & Ors lwn Tara Rajaratnam [1983] 2 MLJ 196.
David S Y Wong, 1975. Tenure and Land Dealings in the Malay States. Singapura: Singapore Universiti Press.
Douglas, J. Whalan, 1982. The Torrens System in Australia. Sydney: The Law Book Company Limited.
Frazer lwn Walker [1967] AC 569.
G.W, Hinde, D.W. McMorland, P.B.A. Sim, 1978. Land Law. Volume 1.Wellington: Butterworths of New Zealand Ltd.
Govindasamy Muthulingam lwn Ooi Kee Chye & Anor [2012] 1 CLJ 875.
Greg Taylor, "The Torrens System in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick" dlm. Australian Property Law Journal, hlm. 307-08, 2009.
Halsbury's Laws of Malaysia, 2003. Family Law and Land. Vol. 8. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Sdn Bhd.
Hunud Abia Kadouf, "The Interplay between Statutory Rules and Equitable Doctrines and the Dilemma of Recognising Customary Security Transactions Under The Malaysian Land Law" dlm. IIUM Law Journal 7, hlm. 19, 1991.
Jit Singh a/l Kishen Singh lwn Bakshi Singh a/l Kishen Singh & Anor [2010] 7 MLJ 149
John Baalman, 1961. The Singapore Torrens System. Singapura: Singapore Government Printer.
Joshua Kevin Sathiaseelan, 2006. Prinsip-prinsip Penting Perundangan Tanah di Malaysia. Selangor: Lexis Nexis, Malayan Law Journal.
Judith Sihombing, 1992. National Land Code: A Commentary. Edisi ke-2. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Law Journal.
Kanun Tanah Negara 1965.
Lai Soon Cheong lwn Kien Loong Housing Development Sdn Bhd [1993] 2 CLJ 199
Land Transfer Act 1915 ( New Zealand).
Lian Keow Sdn Bhd lwn Overseas Credit Finance (M) Sdn Bhd [1988] 2 MLJ 449.
Model Title Act.
Mohamed Isa lwn Haji Ibrahim [1968] 1 MLJ 186.
OCBC Bank (M) Bhd lwn Lee Lee Fah & ors and another Appeal [2000] 1 MLJ 134
Ontario Land Titles Act 1990.
Pekan Nenas Industries Sdn Bhd lwn Chang Ching Chuen & Ors [1998] 1 MLJ 465
Perwira Habib Bank lwn Bank Bumiputra [1988] 3 MLJ 55
PJTV Denson (M) Sdn Bhd & Ors lwn Roxy (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd [1980] 2 MLJ 136.
Puncak Klasik lwn Foh Chong & Sons [1998] 1 CLJ 601
R P Thomas, "Land Transfer Fraud and Unregistered Interests" dlm. New Zealand Recent Law Review, hlm. 219, 1994.
Rouhshi Low, 2008. "The Use of Technology to Automate the Registration Process within the Torrens System and Its Impact on Fraud: An Analysis". Thesis Ph.D, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
S.K. Das, 1963. The Torrens System in Malaya. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Ltd.
Salleh Buang, 1995. Malaysian Law on Caveats. Selangor: Central Law Book Corporation Sdn Bhd.
Salleh Buang, 1993. Undang-undang Tanah di Malaysia. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Sharon Rodrick, "Forgeries, False Attestation and Impostors: Torrens System Mortgages and the Fraud Exception to Indefeasibility" dlm. Deakin Law Review 7(1), hlm. 114, 2002.
Sime Bank lwn Mohd Hassan bin Sulaiman [2000]2 MLJ 158.
Stuart lwn Kingston (1923) 32 CLR 309.
Tan Ching Tan @ Tan Chin Huan & 2 Yang Lain lwn Malayan Banking Berhad & 6 Yang Lain [2005] MLJU 646
Tai Lee Finance Co Sdn Bhd lwn Official Assignee & Ors [1983] 1 MLJ 81.
Tan Hang Wu, Loh Khian Chung, "A Law Which Favours Forgers? Land Fraud in Two Jurisdiction" dlm. Australian Property Law Journal 19(2) , hlm. 4, 2011.
Tan Sook Yee, 2001. Principles of Singapore Land Law. Edisi ke-2. Singapura: Butterworths Asia.
The Canadian Joint Land Titles Committee.
Tueh Guat Choo lwn Cheah Ah Hoe [1923] 1 MLJ 109.
Visu Sinnadurai, 1996. Jual Beli Harta Tanah di Malaysia. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Waimiha Co Ltd lwn Waione Timber Co Ltd [1926] AC 101.
Wang Muh Rong, "Equity, Notice, Fraud and Personal Equities in Australia and Malaysia: A Comparative Study" [1996] 2 CLJ xxxix.
Wicks lwn Bennett (1921) 30 CLR 80.
Yong Chiu Mei, "Equity and Indefeasibility of Title and Interests in Land under the Peninsular Malaysian National Land Code 1965 (Part 1)" dlm. Malayan Law Journal 2, xlix hlm. li, 2006.
Zainal Abidin Mohamed lwn Rozlan Abdul Aziz & Anor [2003] 7 CLJ 132
Published
2015-07-01
How to Cite
HARUN, Noraida; HASSIM, Jady @ Zaidi.
Fraud in Relation to Unregistered Interest: An Analysis.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 27, n. 2, p. 271-296, july 2015.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/4431>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
