Feed-in Tariff for Renewable Energy Development in Malaysia: A Legal Study on New Energy
(Tarif Galakan bagi Pembangunan Tenaga Boleh Baharu di Malaysia: Suatu Kajian Perundangan Tenaga Baharu)
Abstract
The government's target for obtaining 5 percent of the country's energy from renewable energy sources (RE) in 2015 has not yet been achieved. Notwithstanding the fact that the Renewable Energy Act 2011 (Act 725) has been enacted as the primary means to increase RE generation, which provides feed-in tariff (FiT) mechanisms. This paper aims to identify existing policies and laws in Malaysia relevant to FiT, as well as the scope of the law applicable to increase electricity generation from RE in Malaysia. The findings show that FiT mechanisms have been successful in establishing RE market for electricity generation in various jurisdictions. However, FiT is unable to guarantee the sustainability of energy sources in the country. Through this article, it is found that the diversity of legal instruments is vital for long-term RE expansion.
Keywords: Renewable energy, feed-in tariff, environmental sustainability, incentive, policy.
References
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Cherrington, R., Goodship, V., Longfield, A., & Kirwan K. (2013). The feed-in tariff in the UK: A case study focus on domestic photovoltaic systems. Renewable Energy, 50, 421 - 426. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.055.
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Motl, B. (2010). Reconciling German-style feed-in tariffs with the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA). Wisconsin International Law Journal, 28, 742.
Mozumder, P., & Marathe, A. (2004). Gains from an integrated market for tradable renewable energy credits. Ecological Economics, 49(3), 259 -272.
Muhammad-Sukki, F., Abu-Bakar, S. H., Munir, A. B., Yasin, S. H. M., Ramirez-Iniguez, R., McMeekin, S. G., & Rahim, R. A. (2014). Progress of feed-in tariff in Malaysia: A year after. Energy Policy, 67, 618 - 625.
Munir, A. B., Mohd. Yasin, S. H., Muhammad-Sukki, F., Abu-Bakar, S. H., & Ramirez-Iniguez, R. (2012). Feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaic: Money from the sun. Malayan Law Journal, 2.
Sopitsuda Tongsopita, & Chris Greacen. (2013). An assessment of Thailand's feed-in tariff program. Renewable Energy, 60.
Stoutenborough, J. W., & Beverlin, M. (2008). Encouraging pollution-free energy: The diffusion of state net metering policies. Social Science Quarterly, 89(5), 1230 - 1251.
Yatim, P., Mamat, M. N., Mohamad-Zailani, S. H., & Ramlee, S. (2016). Energy policy shifts towards sustainable energy future for Malaysia. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 18(6), 1685 - 1695. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1151-x.
Akta Tenaga Boleh Baharu 2011 (Akta 725).
Akta Pembangunan Tenaga Lestari 2011 (Akta 726).
ASEAN Centre For Energy. (2016). ASEAN Renewable Energy
Development 2006 - 2014. Jakarta, Indonesia.
REN21 Secretariat. (2016). Renewables 2016 Global Status Report. Paris, Perancis.
IRENA. (2017), Renewable Energy Auctions: Analysing 2016. IRENA, Abu Dhabi.
Lembaga Pembangunan Pelaburan Malaysia (2015). Laporan Tahunan 2015: Menerajui Menerusi Asas yang Kukuh. Retrieved from http://www.mida.gov.my/home/administrator/system_files/modules/photo/uploads
/20170302190134_MIDA%20AR%202015%20BM%20(Final).pdf.
REN21 Secretariat. (2016). Renewables 2016 Global Status Report. Paris, Perancis. Retrieved from www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/GSR_2016_Full_Report_lowres.pdf.
Abdmouleh, Z., Alammari, R. A., & Gastli, A. (2015). Review of policies encouraging renewable energy integration & best practices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 249 - 262.
Abdul-Manan, A. F. N., Baharuddin, A., & Chang, L. W. (2015). Ex-post critical evaluations of energy policies in Malaysia from 1970 to 2010: A historical institutionalism perspective. Energies, 8(3), 1936 - 1957. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/en8031936.
Alizamir, S., de Véricourt, F., & Sun, P. (2016). Efficient feed-in-tariff policies for renewable energy technologies. Operations Research, 64(1), 52 - 66.
Bujang, A. S., Bern, C. J., & Brumm, T. J. (2016). Summary of energy demand and renewable energy policies in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1459 - 1467. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.047.
Bujang, A. S., Bern, C. J., & Brumm, T. J. (2016). Summary of energy demand and renewable energy policies in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1459 - 1467. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.047.
Chang, Y., & Li, Y. (2015). Renewable energy and policy options in an integrated ASEAN electricity market: Quantitative assessments and policy implications. Energy Policy, 85, 39 - 49.
Cherrington, R., Goodship, V., Longfield, A., & Kirwan K. (2013). The feed-in tariff in the UK: A case study focus on domestic photovoltaic systems. Renewable Energy, 50, 421 - 426. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.055.
Couture, T., & Gagnon, Y. (2010). An analysis of feed-in tarrif renumeration models. Energy Policy, 38, 955 - 965. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.enpoI.2009.10.047.
Couture, T. D., & Leidreiter, A. (2014). How to achieve 100% renewable energy. World Future Council. Retrieved from http://www.medspring.eu/sites/default/files/How-to-achieve-100-percent-renewable-energy.
Dalpé, V. (2014). Canada--feed-in tariff: Are FITs desirable, or even legal? A case comment. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2496185.
Frank-Fahle, & Morstadt. (2017). Renewable energy projects in Thailand - Legal and tax considerations. I.E.L.R. (5).
Johari, A., Sitihafshar, S., Hashim, H., & Ramli, M. (2013). Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) concept to promote the usage of renewable energy in Malaysia. International Journal of Energy and Power, 2(2), 33 - 37. Retrieved from www.ijep.org.
Manish, S., Pillai, I. R., & Banerjee, R. (2006). Sustainability analysis of renewables for climate change mitigation. Energy for Sustainable Development, 10(4), 25 - 36.
Mendonca, M. (2007). Feed-in Tariffs Accelerating the Deployment of Renewable Energy. London: EarthScan/World Future Council.
Mendonça, M., Lacey, S., & Hvelplund, F. (2009). Stability, participation and transparency in renewable energy policy: Lessons from Denmark and the United States. Policy and Society, 27(4), 379 - 398. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2009.01.007.
Motl, B. (2010). Reconciling German-style feed-in tariffs with the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA). Wisconsin International Law Journal, 28, 742.
Mozumder, P., & Marathe, A. (2004). Gains from an integrated market for tradable renewable energy credits. Ecological Economics, 49(3), 259 -272.
Muhammad-Sukki, F., Abu-Bakar, S. H., Munir, A. B., Yasin, S. H. M., Ramirez-Iniguez, R., McMeekin, S. G., & Rahim, R. A. (2014). Progress of feed-in tariff in Malaysia: A year after. Energy Policy, 67, 618 - 625.
Munir, A. B., Mohd. Yasin, S. H., Muhammad-Sukki, F., Abu-Bakar, S. H., & Ramirez-Iniguez, R. (2012). Feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaic: Money from the sun. Malayan Law Journal, 2.
Sopitsuda Tongsopita, & Chris Greacen. (2013). An assessment of Thailand's feed-in tariff program. Renewable Energy, 60.
Stoutenborough, J. W., & Beverlin, M. (2008). Encouraging pollution-free energy: The diffusion of state net metering policies. Social Science Quarterly, 89(5), 1230 - 1251.
Yatim, P., Mamat, M. N., Mohamad-Zailani, S. H., & Ramlee, S. (2016). Energy policy shifts towards sustainable energy future for Malaysia. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 18(6), 1685 - 1695. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1151-x.
Published
2018-07-01
How to Cite
GHAZALI, Farahdilah; MUSTAFA, Maizatun; ZULHAFIZ, Wan M..
Feed-in Tariff for Renewable Energy Development in Malaysia: A Legal Study on New Energy.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 30, n. 2, p. 313-338, july 2018.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/2513>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
