Determination of an Estate in Malaysia: A Study from Civil Law and Syariah Perspectives
(Penentuan Harta Pusaka di Malaysia: Kajian dari Perspektif Undang-undang Sivil dan Syariah)
Abstract
In the administration of estates in Malaysia, the bone of contention is the determination of the extent and types of property that shall be regarded as the deceased's estate before it can be distributed to the rightful legal heirs. In many instances, claims have been made by the interested party for a particular property to be excluded from the list of the deceased's estates and should not be subject to such distribution. This article seeks to examine the extent and types of property left by the deceased that are considered as estates which warrant distribution accordingly. The discussion focuses on the issues of joint accounts, nominated estates, derivative pension and ex-gratia, which have always been the subject of disputes on whether such properties should form part of the deceased's estates or not. Relevant statutory provisions and decided cases on these issues are analysed and propounded accordingly to elucidate the position of such properties in the deceased's estates. This article sums up that there is a need for specific statutory provisions to precisely clarify with respect to what is considered as the deceased's estate.
Keywords: Muslim deceased's estate, joint accounts, nominated estates, pension, ex-gratia, Malaysia, Syariah court
References
Akta Pencen 1980 [Akta 227].
Akta Perkhidmatan Kewangan 2013.
Abdul Hamid Mohamad, "Harmonisation of Common Law and Shariah in Malaysia: A Practical Approach" dlm. The Law Review, 1-11, 2009.
Abdul Kadir Muhammad, "Harta Penama Bukan Harta Pemberian dan Wasiat" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 5:2, hlm. 161-65, 1997.
Akmal Hidayah Halim, 2012. Administration of Estates in Malaysia: Law and Procedure. Petaling Jaya: Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
http://www.e-fatwa.gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan> capaian pada 17 Februari 2013.
Ismail Yahya, "Pelaksanaan Wasiat di Mahkamah Syariah: Teori dan Praktis", [2004] 17(1) JH 1.
Jariah Binti Yahya & 3 Ors lwn Nor. Hasiah Binti Harun [2010] 31 (1) JH 81.
Md Ghazali Ibrahim, 2009. Bahagi Biar Adil. Kuala Lumpur: Mustread Sdn Bhd.
Md Yazid Ahmad dan Hayatullah Laluddin, "Pengurusan Harta Pusaka: Permasalahan Sikap Masyarakat Islam di Malaysia dan Penyelesaiannya Menurut Perspektif Islam" dlm. Shariah Law Reports 4, 30-54, 2010.
Mohamad Asmadi Abdullah et al., "Is a Nominee a Trustee or a Beneficiary? A Study on the Islamic Legal Maxim in Contracts Effects is Given to Intention and Meaning and not Words and Forms and its Relevance to the Nomination Concept and Practice in the Administration of a Muslim's Estate in Malaysia" dlm. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6:11 (Special Issue), hlm.153-59, 2012.
Mohd Daud Bakar, "Instrumen Fatwa dalam Perkembangan Perundangan Islam" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 5:2, hlm. 1-14, 1997.
Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 7 Tahun 2001.
Pawancheek bin Marican, "The Legal Effect of Nomination by Muslims", [1997] 2 MLJ cxxxviii-cxlvii.
Pawancheek Marican, 2008. Islamic Inheritance Laws in Malaysia. Edisi kedua. Petaling Jaya: Lexis Nexis, MLJ Sdn Bhd.
Peraturan 9(1) Peraturan-Peraturan Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja 2001.
Peraturan 8(1) Peraturan-peraturan Lembaga Tabung Haji (Deposit dan Pengeluaran) 2002.
Peraturan-peraturan Lembaga Tabung Haji ( Simpanan dan Pengeluaran) 2002.
Rafie Omar, 2012. "Isu Penamaan Harta Alih dan Penyelesaian". Kertas kerja Konvensyen Perwarisan Harta Islam Malaysia Siri ke-2: Transformasi Perwarisan Harta Islam dianjurkan oleh Persatuan Perwarisan Harta Islam Malaysia (PEWARISAN) 24 Mei 2012 Fakulti Undang-undang UiTM.
Re Ismail Rentah (1939) FMSLR 230.
Rosmawati bte Sharibun [2006] 4 MLJ 705 (MCA).
Seksyen 2, Akta Koperasi 1993.
SEL. P.U. 8/2008. Kaedah-Kaedah Pengurusan Wasiat Orang Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2008.
Suwaid Tapah, "Undang-undang Pentadbiran Fatwa di Malaysia" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 1(2), 347-55,1993.
Wan. Abdullah Bin Muda & Anor. [2001] XIV (II) JH. 235.
Wan Abdullah bin Wan Muda dan Seorang Lagi lwn Wan Puziah binti Wan Awang (2006) 19 JH 295.
Wan Shahriman b. Wan Suleiman & Seorang Lagi, lwn Siti Nurhayati binti Mohd Daud (2012) 35 JH 286.
Wan Shariman Wan Suleiman lwn Siti Nurhayati Mohd Daud [2010] 1 CLJ (Sya) 85.
