The Status of Copyright as Jointly Acquired Property According to the Syariah Perspective
(Status hak cipta menurut perspektif perundangan syariah)
Abstract
The provisions of Islamic Family Law state that any asset acquired during the period of marriage can be claimed as jointly acquired property. However the status of copyright as jointly acquired property is still debatable. The objective of this study is to study the concept of copyright as jointly acquired property according to the perspective of Shariah law and to analyze copyright as jointly acquired property according to the opinion of Shariah practitioners and the experts. The research framework is qualitative study, applys document analysis design and semi-structured interviews. The data were obtained through the statutes of copyright and jointly acquired property in Malaysia, the fiqh of the four sunni schools as well as interviews of Shariah legal practitioners, copyright law experts and religious scholars. The findings of this study found that Islam also recognizes copyright in jointly acquired. It also can be recognised as intangible property that can be claimed as jointly acquired property if it is owned during the marriage or developed during the marriage, by looking at the contribution factors of husband and wife in acquiring the property. The results of the interviews also showed that the informants supported the theory of copyright as jointly acquired property. The research implication contributes in the study of Shariah knowledge and can be referred by the syariah and civil courts in dealing with the issue of copyright as jointly acquired property. This study also proposes to the legislators to enact the laws that related to copyright and jointly acquired property, regarding property that can be claimed as jointly acquired property.
References
Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984
Bacalwi, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mui'ammad ibn Usayn ibn Umar. (1978). Bughyah al-Mustarshidin fi Talkhish Fatawa Ba'd al-A'immah al-Muta'akhirin. Dar al-Macrifah.
al-Bahuti, Mansur ibn Yunus ibn Idris. (2000). Sharh Muntaha al-Iradat Daqa'iq awla al-Naha li Sharh al-Muntaha (Juz 3). t.tp.: Mu'assasah al-Risalah.
al-Durayni, Fathi. (1981). Haq al-Ibtikar fi al-Fiqh al-Islami al-Muqaran. Muassasah al-Risalah.
al-Khafif, Ali. (1966). Al-Milkiyyah fi al-Sharicah al-Islamiyyah maca al- Muqaranah bi al-Sharaci al-Wadciyyah. Macahad al-Buhuth wa al-Dirasat al-cArabiyyah.
al-Maqdisi, Muhammad bin Qudamah. (2000). al-Muqnic fi Fiqh al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal al-Shaybani. Maktabah al-Sawadi.
al-Qarafi, Abu Abbas Ahmad ibn Idris. (1998). al-Furuq. Dar al-Kutub al- Alamiyyah.
al-Shafici, Abi Abdillah Muhammad ibn Idris. (1993). al-Umm (Juz 5). Dar al- Kutub al-Alamiyyah
al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din Abd al-Rahman. (1983). al-Ashbah wa al-Naza'ir fi Qawacid wa Furuc Fiqh al-Shaficiyyah. Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiyyah.
al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din Muhammad ibn Bahadur. (2000). al-Manthur fi al- Qawacid li al-Zarkashi. Juz 3. Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiyyah.
al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. (1985). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh. Dar al-Fikr.
D. Moore, Adam. (1998). Intangible property: Privacy, power, and information control. American Philosophical Quartefly, 35(4), 365-378.
Enakmen Undang-Undang Pentadbiran Keluarga Islam Terengganu 1985.
Hujah Lijah binti Jamal v Fatimah bt. Mat Diah [1950] 3 LNS 1; MLJ 63.
Ibrahim Lembut. (2010). Harta sepencarian: konsep dan amalan. Prosiding Seminar Pengurusan Harta Islam Peringkat Kebangsaan. Jabatan Syariah, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, UKM.
Ibrahim, N & Abd Ghaddas. (2017). Claims of intangible interest as matrimonial property at Shari'ah Courts: a special references to Kelantan, Terengganu and Malacca. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum, 25(S), 97-104.
Ibn Abd al-Barr. (1998). Fath al-Malik (Jilid 6). Dar al-Kutub al-cIlmiyyah.
Ibn Abidin, Muhammad Amin al-Shahir. (2003). Radd al-Muhtar Kitab al-Buyuc (Juz 9). Dar Alim al-Kutub.
Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad. (2015). al-Muhalla. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-Din ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad. (1999). Al-Ashbah wa al- Naza'ir cala Madhhab Abi Hanifah al-Nucman. Dar al-Kutub al-cIlmiyyah.
Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Edisi Keempat). (2010). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Majallat al-Ahkam al-Adliyah. (1991). Undang-undang Sivil Islam. (Terj. Md. Akhir Haji Yaacob). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Md. Yazid Ahmad, Ahmad Muhammad Husni & Noor Lizza Mohamed Said. (2014). Pembahagian harta sepencarian dalam poligami menurut undangundang keluarga Islam. Isu Syariah & Undang-Undang (Siri 20), hlm. 92- 106. Jabatan Syariah, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, UKM.
Miszairi Sitiris & Akmal Hidayah Halim. (2010). Tuntutan harta sepencarian dalam kes kematian. Kanun Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, 22(1), 26-46.
Mohamad Ashraf Sulaiman. (2020). Hukum dan kaedah fiqh yang digunakan dalam menetapkan hak cipta sebagai harta sepencarian. Putrajaya: Temu bual, 17 Februari.
Muhd Adil Yahaya. (2020). Tuntutan hak cipta sebagai harta sepencarian. Kuala Lumpur: Temu bual, 13 Februari.
Mohd Nurhusairi Mat Husin. (2014). Konsep sumbangan dalam penentuan pembahagian harta sepencarian di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia: Perspektif sosio-perundangan (Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan). Jabatan Syariah dan Undang-undang, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya.
Nazura Abdul Manap. (2020). Hak cipta sebagai harta sepencarian menurut perspektif sivil. Selangor: Temu bual, 5 Mac.
Noor Bee v Ahmad Sanusi [1978] 1 JH 63
Nor Faizah Zakaria. (2018). Tuntutan Harta Sepencarian dalam Poligami Menurut Undang-Undang Islam di Malaysia (Disertasi Sarjana tidak diterbitkan). Jabatan Syariah, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Othman Ibrahim. (2020). Tuntutan hak cipta sebagai harta sepencarian. Putrajaya: Temu bual, 14 Februari.
Roberts @ Kamarulzaman v Ummi Kalthom [1981] 2 JH 82
Rokiah v Mohamed Idris [1986] 6 JH 272
Salmond, John W. (1913). Jurisprudence. The Ballantynes Press.
Siti Zalikhah Md. Nor. (1996). Pemilikan harta dalam perkahwinan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Suwaid Tapah. (1996). Konsep dan amalan pembahagian harta sepencarian orang-orang Islam di Malaysia (Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan). Fakulti Sastera dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Malaysia.
Suwaid Tapah. (2003). Harta sepencarian dan wang simpanan pekerja (KWSP): Suatu perbincangan dari sudut sumbangan secara tidak langsung. Jurnal Syariah, 11(2),1-22.
