Issues and Challenges in Providing Accommodation for Foreign Workers in Malaysia: An Analysis of the Employees' Minimum Standards of Housing, Accommodations and Amenities Act 1990 (Act 446)
Abstract
Inadequate housing for foreign workers has long been a hallmark of the global housing crisis. While the right to adequate and safe housing is a fundamental human right, access to such housing for foreign workers is heavily influenced by the regulations of the destination country and warrants careful attention. This study explores the issues and challenges related to the provision of accommodation for foreign workers in Malaysia from a legal perspective, focusing on Section 24H of the Employees’ Minimum Standards of Housing, Accommodations and Amenities Act 1990 (Act 446), a statutory provision that employers or Centralised Labour Quarters (CLQ) provider must comply with. The research employs a qualitative methodology, analysing primary and secondary data sources, including books, journals, official government reports, and news articles. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were also conducted with enforcement officers from relevant agencies and industry players, such as employers in the service and construction sectors. The findings reveal that Malaysia has a well-established legal framework governing the provision of worker accommodation, encompassing national, state, and local-level legislation. The study proposes improvements to existing laws, regulations, and policies as a solution.
Keywords: Challenges, human rights, employees’ accommodation, foreign workers’ rights, amendment of Act 446, state and local government law
Full Text: PDF
References
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20. Kamarul Azmi Jasmi. (2012). Penyelidikan kualitatif dalam sains sosial. https://eprints.utm.my/41090/2/KamarulAzmiJasmi2012_PenyelidikanKualitatifSainsSosial.pdf
21. Kementerian Dalam Negeri (KDN). (2024). Dasar semasa penggajian pekerja asing. https://www.moha.gov.my/index.php/ms/bahagian-pa-dasar-dasar-semasa/dasar-semasa-penggajian-pekerja-asing-2
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23. Kementerian Sumber Manusia (KSM). (2022). Statistik pekerjaan dan perburuhan. https://jtksm.mohr.gov.my/sites/default/files/2024-01/eBook%20iStatistik%20bil%203%20_2022.pdf
24. Kerajaan Malaysia. (2020). Penetapan tarikh permulaan kuatkuasa warta Kerajaan Persekutuan P. U (B) 248 (2020). https://jtksm.mohr.gov.my/sites/default/files/2022-11/warta%20akta%20standard%20minimum%20perumahan%20dan%20kemudahan%20pekerja%20pindaan%202019.pdf
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28Pekerja%20Yang%20Dikehendaki%20untuk%20Disediakan%20Penginapan%29%202021%20%281%29.pdf
26. Lee, N. (2020). Malaysia: Seramai 1.4 juta pekerja asing tidak disediakan penginapan mengikut Akta 446. Benar News Malaysia. https://www.benarnews.org/malay/berita/my-akta-peginapan201203-12032020171346.html
27. Low, C. C. (2021). Legal reforms in protecting migrant workers’ welfare in Malaysia: labor law and social security. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 14(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0048
28. Mahathevan, R. (1976). Occupational health in West Malaysia. The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 30(4), 273-278. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/979727/
29. Malaysia Indian Congress (MIC). (2020). Terkejut dengan penginapan ala hamba zaman moden, Saravanan Gesa majikan patuhi Akta 446. https://mic.org.my/2020/12/21/terkejut-dengan-penginapan-ala-hamba-zaman-moden-saravanan-gesa-majikan-patuhi-akta-446/
30. Marshel, D. (2021). Asrama pekerja adalah satu keperluan asas yang perlu disediakan oleh majikan. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/David.Marshel4U/photos/a.230842917082672/1796095550557393/?type=3
31. Mohd Amin Jalil. (2024). JTKSM serbu asrama pekerja asing daif, kotor. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2024/02/1065023/jtksm-serbu-asrama-pekerja-asing-daif-kotor
32. Mohd Iskandar Othman. (2021). PBT perlu segera sediakan garis panduan asrama pekerja asing. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/126350/edisi/pbt-perlu-segera-sediakan-garis-panduan-asrama-pekerja-asing
33. Mohd Na’eim Ajis, Mohamad Faisol Keling, Ummu Atiyah Ahmad Zakuan & Zawiyah Mohd Zain (2018). Kajian terhadap proses dan pendekatan dalam pembentukan dasar pekerja asing di Malaysia. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 15(5), 48-65. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/20831/1/29281-89850-1-SM.pdf
34. Mohd Shahril Nizam Md Radzi. (2023). Ulasan Perundangan Akta Kerja 1955 (Pindaan 2022). Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, 35(2), 367-378. https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/download/8796/4429/
35. Mstar. (2020). Gagal sediakan penempatan kondusif buat pekerja, Top Glove bakal dituduh langgar Akta 446. Star Media Group. https://www.mstar.com.my/lokal/2020/12/01/gagal-sediakan-penempatan-kondusif-buat-pekerja-top-glove-bakal-dituduh-langgar-akta-446
36. Nizam Zain. (2024). Tiga majikan gagal sedia penginapan kondusif. Malaysia Gazzette. https://malaysiagazette.com/2024/02/27/tiga-majikan-gagal-sedia-penginapan-kondusif/
37. Nowak, M. (2022). Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights (496-501). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903621.universal.declaration.human.rights
38. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). (2009). Report on activities and results. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/I_OHCHR_Rep_2009_complete_final.pdf
39. Pandi, A. R., Pereira, A. A., & Yacob, A. (2023). Penilaian punca dan faktor penyumbang kepada pekerja migran menjadi tanpa dokumen di Malaysia. International Organization for Migration. https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/documents/2023-08/malay_undocumented-migrant-workers-report.pdf
40. Putul, S. J., & Mia, M. T. (2018). Exploitation of migrant workers in Malaysia and protection under domestic laws. Dlm. Proceedings of the International Law Conference (iN-LAC 2018) - Law, Technology and the Imperative of Change in the 21st Century (125-131). https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2018/100548/100548.pdf
41. Ramachandran, J., & Guan, D. S. T. (2022). The plight of migrant workers in Malaysia and proposal for legal reform. 1(Part 2), 1-17. https://exec.cljprime.com/redirect/?a=article&b=A_2022_1_LNS_lxxiii
42. Suratman, R., Samsudin, S., Aminuddin, S. Z., & Saim, Z. (2019). Resident’s perception on foreign workers housing in high rise residential building. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 286(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/286/1/012033
43. Voules, A. B. (1921). The Rump Labour Code - Chapter 154. Dlm. The Laws of the Federated Malay States 1877-1920. https://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/lawsfms1.pdf
44. Zulkifly Osman & Osman-Rani Hassan. (1996). Pekerja asing di Malaysia [Kertas Kerja IKMAS yang diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (1-20). https://www.ukm.my/ikmas/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/no3%201996%5Bpekerja%20asing%5D.pdf
Published
2025-01-28
How to Cite
MAT RIPIN, Azizah; GHAPA, Norhasliza; BIDIN, Asiah.
Issues and Challenges in Providing Accommodation for Foreign Workers in Malaysia: An Analysis of the Employees' Minimum Standards of Housing, Accommodations and Amenities Act 1990 (Act 446).
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 37, n. 1, p. 75-96, jan. 2025.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/8931>. Date accessed: 31 jan. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/kanun.37(1)no4.
Section
Articles
