The Practise on Freedom of Religion in Malaysia
(Kebebasan Beragama: Gambaran Malaysia)
Abstract
This article will be discussing previous literature on the status of religious freedom concerning the right to change religion enshrined in the Malaysian Constitution. Our aim is to understand the flow of the various opinions on the issue of religious freedom in Malaysia. From the discussions, hopefully we will be able to form an appropriate understanding for Malaysian community with regard to freedom to change religion in the spirit of the Federal Constitution.
Keywords: freedom of religion, the right to change religion, Federal Constitution
References
Abdul Aziz Bari, 2005. Islam dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia. Selangor: Intel Multimedia and Publication.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Freedom of Religion In Malaysia: It is not Complicated" dlm. The Law Review, 2005. Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Hak Asasi dalam Perlembagan Malaysia: Ruang Lingkup dan Masalahnya" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 10:1 Januari 2002.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Murtad dalam Konteks Kebebasan Beragama di Malaysia", Jurnal Undang-undang dan Masyarakat 3, 1999. FUU UKM.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "The Jurisdiction of Syariah Courts and The Right to Freedom of Religion under the Federal Constitution Daud Mamat & Ors v. Majlis Agama/Adat & Anor" dlm. IIUM Law Journal 9:1, 2001.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Islam in The Federal Constitution: A Commentary on the Decision of Meor Atiqulrahman", [2000] 2 MLJ cxxix.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "The Test to Apply in Claims of Right to Religious Freedom under the Constitution: The Rulings in Fatimah bte Sihi & Ors lwn Meor Atiqulrahman bin Ishak & Ors." dlm. The Law Review 2006. Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Perlaksanaan Islam Melalui Kerangka Perlembagaan dan Perundangan Malaysia - Masalah dan Potensinya" dlm. Jurnal Undang-undang IKIM 3:2, July-December 1999.
Abm. Mahbubul Islam, 2002. Freedom of Religion in Shariah: A Comparative Analysis. Kuala Lumpur: A.S. Noordeen.
Ahmad F. Yousif, "Religious Freedom, Minorities, and Islam: A Challenge to Modern Theory of Pluralism" dlm. Jurnal IKIM 7:1, January/June 1999.
Ahmad Ibrahim, "Kedudukan Islam dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia" dlm. http://www.islam.gov.my/buu/artikel2.html. page 14. [Capaian 10 Oktober 2008].
Ahmad Masum, "Freedom of Religion Under The Malaysian Federal Constitution", [2009] 2 CLJ i.
Ahmad Mohamed Ibrahim, 1997. Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: IKIM.
Andrew Harding, 1996. Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd.
Andrew J. Harding, 1993. "Islam and Public Law in Malaysia: Some Reflections in the Aftermath of Susie Teoh's Case", dlm. Chilbi Mallat (pnyt.) Islam and Public Law. London: Graham & Trotman.
Ann Wang Seng, 2010. Murtad, Jangan Pandang Sebelah Mata. Kuala Lumpur: Mustread Sdn. Bhd.
B Lobo, "Does the Law of Human Rights Pervade All Malaysian Law in View of Part II of the Federal Constitution", [2007] 6 CLJ i.
Chandra Muzaffar, 2008. Religion and Identity in a Globalising World. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR).
Chibli Mallat (pnyt.), 1993. Islam and Public Law. London: Arab and Islamic Law Series, Graham & Trotman.
ECLJ , "International Legal Protection of the Right to Choose One's Religion and Change One's Religious Affiliation" dlm. ACLJ September 2007.
Edmund Bon, "Why Are We So Complicated" dlm. The Law Review 2005.
Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam (Negeri Sembilan) 2003 dlm. www.esyariah.gov.my/esyariah.[Capaian 11 September 2012].
Farid Sufian Shuaib, 2005. Murtad: Kedudukannya di Sisi Islam dan Perlembagaan.Selangor: Intel Multimedia and Publication.
Faridah Jalil dan Rohizan Halim, "Bukti Amalan dalam Penentuan Status Agama: Pendirian Mahkamah", [2011] 4 QLR 27.
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Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, Banci Penduduk Dan Perumahan Malaysia dari http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1215%3Apopulation-distribution-and-basic-demographic-characteristic-report-population-and-housing-census-malaysia-2010-updated-2972011&catid=130%3Apopulation-distribution-and-basic-demographic-characteristic-report-population-and-housing-census-malaysia-2010&lang=bm.[7 Disember 2011].
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Kevin Tan, Yeo dan Lee, 1994. Constitutional Law in Malaysia & Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal.
L.A Sheridan, "The Religion of the Federation", [1988] 2 MLJ xiii.
Laura Dudley Jenkins, "Legal Limits on Religious Conversion in India" dlm. http://www.law.duke.edu.journals/lcp. [Capaian 5 Mei 2011].
L.B.Curzon, 2006. Dictionary of Law. Sixth Edition. Selangor: ILBS.
Lee Min Choon, 1999. Freedom of Religion in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Kairos Research Centre Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Altaf Hussain Ahangar, "Freedom of Religion in Malaysia: The Realistic Appraisal" dlm. The Law Review 2008.
Mohd. Asri Zainul Abidin, "Murtad: Antara Emosi dan Realiti", Utusan Malaysia, 3 Julai 2007 dlm. http://www.utusan.com.my. [Capaian 28 Jun 2011].
Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil, "Hak Tukar Agama dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia: Konflik Antara Kebebasan Beragama dan Hukum Islam" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 11:1, Januari 2003.
Mohammad Hashim Kamali, 1998. Freedom of Expression in Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Hashim Kamali, 2000. Islamic Law in Malaysia: Issues and Developments. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers Sdn. Bhd.
Mohammad Imam, "Freedom of Religion under Federal Constitution of Malaysia. A Reappraisal", (1994) 2 CLJ Ixxxi (June).
Nurjaanah Abdullah @ Chew Li Hua, "Legislating Faith in Malaysia", [2001] Sing. J. Legal Stud. 264.
Oxford Fajar. 2001. Advance Learner's English - Malay Dictionary. Selangor: Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
"Perlembagaan Tolak Pluralisme Agama" dari http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/Perlembagaan tolakplur… [Capaian pada 5 Ogos 2014].
Peter W. Edge, 2006. Religion and Law an Introduction. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Roger Trigg, 2007. Religion in Public Life: Must Faith Be Privatized. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ronald Dworkin, 1977. Taking Rights Seriously. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Salbiah Ahmad, 2007. Critical Thoughts on Islam, Rights and Freedom in Malaysia. Selangor: SIRD.
Shad Saleem Faruqi, 2008. Document of Destiny; The Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia. Selangor: Star Publications (Malaysia) Bhd.
Shamrahayu A. Aziz, "Muslims Right to Freedom of Religion in Malaysia: Piercing Through the Confusion and Contradictions", [2007] 7 MLJ cxxvi.
Shamrahayu A Aziz, "Some thoughts on the Relationship Between Law and Religion in Malaysia", [2009] 1 CLJ xix.
Shamrahayu A. Aziz, "Apostacy and Religious Freedom: A Response to Thio Li-Ann", [2007] 2 MLJ hlm x.
Sir Alfred Denning, 1949. Freedom Under The Law. The Hamlyn Lectures First Series. London: Stevens & Sons Limited.
SUHAKAM, "The Rights of Conversion and its Effect in Relation to Human Rights" dlm. Malaysian Journal of Human Rights 4:24-55, 2008.
The Hon Justice Michael Kirby, "Fundamental Human Rights and Religious Apostacy- The Malaysian Case of Lina Joy" dlm. Griffith Law Review, 17:1, 168, 2008.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Freedom of Religion In Malaysia: It is not Complicated" dlm. The Law Review, 2005. Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Hak Asasi dalam Perlembagan Malaysia: Ruang Lingkup dan Masalahnya" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 10:1 Januari 2002.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Murtad dalam Konteks Kebebasan Beragama di Malaysia", Jurnal Undang-undang dan Masyarakat 3, 1999. FUU UKM.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "The Jurisdiction of Syariah Courts and The Right to Freedom of Religion under the Federal Constitution Daud Mamat & Ors v. Majlis Agama/Adat & Anor" dlm. IIUM Law Journal 9:1, 2001.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Islam in The Federal Constitution: A Commentary on the Decision of Meor Atiqulrahman", [2000] 2 MLJ cxxix.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "The Test to Apply in Claims of Right to Religious Freedom under the Constitution: The Rulings in Fatimah bte Sihi & Ors lwn Meor Atiqulrahman bin Ishak & Ors." dlm. The Law Review 2006. Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Abdul Aziz Bari, "Perlaksanaan Islam Melalui Kerangka Perlembagaan dan Perundangan Malaysia - Masalah dan Potensinya" dlm. Jurnal Undang-undang IKIM 3:2, July-December 1999.
Abm. Mahbubul Islam, 2002. Freedom of Religion in Shariah: A Comparative Analysis. Kuala Lumpur: A.S. Noordeen.
Ahmad F. Yousif, "Religious Freedom, Minorities, and Islam: A Challenge to Modern Theory of Pluralism" dlm. Jurnal IKIM 7:1, January/June 1999.
Ahmad Ibrahim, "Kedudukan Islam dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia" dlm. http://www.islam.gov.my/buu/artikel2.html. page 14. [Capaian 10 Oktober 2008].
Ahmad Masum, "Freedom of Religion Under The Malaysian Federal Constitution", [2009] 2 CLJ i.
Ahmad Mohamed Ibrahim, 1997. Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: IKIM.
Andrew Harding, 1996. Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd.
Andrew J. Harding, 1993. "Islam and Public Law in Malaysia: Some Reflections in the Aftermath of Susie Teoh's Case", dlm. Chilbi Mallat (pnyt.) Islam and Public Law. London: Graham & Trotman.
Ann Wang Seng, 2010. Murtad, Jangan Pandang Sebelah Mata. Kuala Lumpur: Mustread Sdn. Bhd.
B Lobo, "Does the Law of Human Rights Pervade All Malaysian Law in View of Part II of the Federal Constitution", [2007] 6 CLJ i.
Chandra Muzaffar, 2008. Religion and Identity in a Globalising World. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR).
Chibli Mallat (pnyt.), 1993. Islam and Public Law. London: Arab and Islamic Law Series, Graham & Trotman.
ECLJ , "International Legal Protection of the Right to Choose One's Religion and Change One's Religious Affiliation" dlm. ACLJ September 2007.
Edmund Bon, "Why Are We So Complicated" dlm. The Law Review 2005.
Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam (Negeri Sembilan) 2003 dlm. www.esyariah.gov.my/esyariah.[Capaian 11 September 2012].
Farid Sufian Shuaib, 2005. Murtad: Kedudukannya di Sisi Islam dan Perlembagaan.Selangor: Intel Multimedia and Publication.
Faridah Jalil dan Rohizan Halim, "Bukti Amalan dalam Penentuan Status Agama: Pendirian Mahkamah", [2011] 4 QLR 27.
http://www.udhr.org/UDHR/default.htm.[Capaian 3 Ogos 2009].
http://ww2.ohcr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm.[Capaian 3 Ogos 2009].
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, Banci Penduduk Dan Perumahan Malaysia dari http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1215%3Apopulation-distribution-and-basic-demographic-characteristic-report-population-and-housing-census-malaysia-2010-updated-2972011&catid=130%3Apopulation-distribution-and-basic-demographic-characteristic-report-population-and-housing-census-malaysia-2010&lang=bm.[7 Disember 2011].
John Locke,2000. Two Treaties of Government. Hamilton. Ont.:: McMaster University, dlm. http://site.ebrary.com.lib.uum.Doc?id=2001997. [Capaian 26 Mac 2012].
Kevin Tan, Yeo dan Lee, 1994. Constitutional Law in Malaysia & Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal.
L.A Sheridan, "The Religion of the Federation", [1988] 2 MLJ xiii.
Laura Dudley Jenkins, "Legal Limits on Religious Conversion in India" dlm. http://www.law.duke.edu.journals/lcp. [Capaian 5 Mei 2011].
L.B.Curzon, 2006. Dictionary of Law. Sixth Edition. Selangor: ILBS.
Lee Min Choon, 1999. Freedom of Religion in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Kairos Research Centre Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Altaf Hussain Ahangar, "Freedom of Religion in Malaysia: The Realistic Appraisal" dlm. The Law Review 2008.
Mohd. Asri Zainul Abidin, "Murtad: Antara Emosi dan Realiti", Utusan Malaysia, 3 Julai 2007 dlm. http://www.utusan.com.my. [Capaian 28 Jun 2011].
Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil, "Hak Tukar Agama dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia: Konflik Antara Kebebasan Beragama dan Hukum Islam" dlm. Jurnal Syariah 11:1, Januari 2003.
Mohammad Hashim Kamali, 1998. Freedom of Expression in Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Hashim Kamali, 2000. Islamic Law in Malaysia: Issues and Developments. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers Sdn. Bhd.
Mohammad Imam, "Freedom of Religion under Federal Constitution of Malaysia. A Reappraisal", (1994) 2 CLJ Ixxxi (June).
Nurjaanah Abdullah @ Chew Li Hua, "Legislating Faith in Malaysia", [2001] Sing. J. Legal Stud. 264.
Oxford Fajar. 2001. Advance Learner's English - Malay Dictionary. Selangor: Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
"Perlembagaan Tolak Pluralisme Agama" dari http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/Perlembagaan tolakplur… [Capaian pada 5 Ogos 2014].
Peter W. Edge, 2006. Religion and Law an Introduction. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Roger Trigg, 2007. Religion in Public Life: Must Faith Be Privatized. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ronald Dworkin, 1977. Taking Rights Seriously. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Salbiah Ahmad, 2007. Critical Thoughts on Islam, Rights and Freedom in Malaysia. Selangor: SIRD.
Shad Saleem Faruqi, 2008. Document of Destiny; The Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia. Selangor: Star Publications (Malaysia) Bhd.
Shamrahayu A. Aziz, "Muslims Right to Freedom of Religion in Malaysia: Piercing Through the Confusion and Contradictions", [2007] 7 MLJ cxxvi.
Shamrahayu A Aziz, "Some thoughts on the Relationship Between Law and Religion in Malaysia", [2009] 1 CLJ xix.
Shamrahayu A. Aziz, "Apostacy and Religious Freedom: A Response to Thio Li-Ann", [2007] 2 MLJ hlm x.
Sir Alfred Denning, 1949. Freedom Under The Law. The Hamlyn Lectures First Series. London: Stevens & Sons Limited.
SUHAKAM, "The Rights of Conversion and its Effect in Relation to Human Rights" dlm. Malaysian Journal of Human Rights 4:24-55, 2008.
The Hon Justice Michael Kirby, "Fundamental Human Rights and Religious Apostacy- The Malaysian Case of Lina Joy" dlm. Griffith Law Review, 17:1, 168, 2008.
Published
2014-12-01
How to Cite
JALIL, Faridah; HALIM, Rohizan.
The Practise on Freedom of Religion in Malaysia.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 2, p. 220-235, dec. 2014.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/7962>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
Section
Articles
