Hak Penentuan Nasib Sendiri Orang Asal: Kajian Kes Orang Asli di Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Pulau Carey
Abstract
The indigenous peoples had received the most significant development within international law when their rights have been recognized under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007. However, the scope of the right to self-determination is still unresolved. This article aims to analyse the status of self-determination of the Mah Meri, an indigenous group in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Pulau Carey. This study reveals that the Mah Meri face constraints to practice self-determination. Despite existing legal provisions and an agency dedicated to their welfare, the lackadaisical attitude of this group to improve on their standard of living, has resulted in their current backwardness. Thus, this article proposes that the indigenous peoples, particularly in Kampung Sungai Bumbun should be given the freedom to make decide on their way of life, with the state agency acting as a care taker without interfering into their traditional way of life.
Keywords: Indigenous peoples, orang asli, aboriginal peoples, selfdetermination, international laws
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Anaya, James, "A Contemporary Definition of the International Norm of SelfDetermination" dlm. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems Vol 3:131, hlm 132, 1993.
Anon. General Assembly. GA/0612, 107th & 108th Meetings. www.un.org/News/ Press/docs/2007/ga10612.doc.htm (Capaian 18 Oktober 2011).
Anon. The Working Group on Indigenous Populations. http://www2.ohchr.org/ english/issues/indigenous/groups/wgip.htm, (Capaian 18 Oktober 2011).
Anon. Statistic on Income and expenditure, Department of Statistic, Malaysia. http://statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Stats_Malaysia/files/MMS/2010/ BI/07_Income_and_Expenditure.pdf (Capaian 5 Disember 2011).
Anon. Asia Indigenous Peoples' Perspectives on Development. www.aippnet.org/ home/…/ID-Report-web-20101130150441.pdf, (Capaian 2 Disember 2011).
Anon. Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli. http://www.jakoa.gov.my/web/guest/ pembangunan_ekonomi, (Capaian 4 Disember 2011).
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Anon. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. http:// www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/Deklarasi 2007.html, (Capaian 18 Mac 2011).
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Anon. The Right To Consultation Of Indigenous Peoples In Peru, http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=4725:the-right-to consultation-of-indigenouspeoples-in-peru&catid=53:south-america-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=75, (Capaian 14 Oktober 2010).
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Campbell v. Attorney-General (British Columbia), Attorney-General (Canada) and the Nisga'a Nation, (2000) 189 DLR (4th) 333.
Carey, Iskandar, 1976. Orang Asli, the Aboriginal Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Cobo, Jose R. Martinez, 1986. Study of the Problem of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Vol V, Conclusion, Proposal and Recommendations, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1986/7/Add.4. United Nation.
Daes, Erica Irene, "The Concept of Self-determination and Autonomy of Indigenous Peoples in the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" dlm. St. Thomas Law Review Vol. 14, 259. hlm 259, 2002.
Daes, Erica-Irence A, 1996. "The Right of Indigenous Peoples to Self-determination in the Contemporary World Order" dlm Self-determination, International Perspectives oleh Donald Clark. Britain: Mac Millan Press Ltd.
Deklarasi khusus untuk mereka iaitu Deklarasi Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (PBB) mengenai Hak terhadap Orang Asal.
Durban Declaration of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, http://www.unchr.ch/html/racism/02documents-cnt-html.
Erni, Christian, 2008. The Concept of Indigenous Peoples in Asia, a Resource Book. Chiangmai: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) & Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact Foundation.
E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/1996/2 UNWGIP 14th Session Document 96-12980 - Working Paper by the Chairperson-Rapporteur, Mrs. Erica-Irene A. Daes, on the Concept of "Indigenous People" - 10 June 1996.
Gordon, Means, "The Orang Asli: Aboriginal Policies in Malaysia" dlm. Pacific Affairs 58 (4),hlm 638. 1985.
Hannum. Hurst, 1990. Autonomy, Sovereignty, and self-determination, The Accomodation of Conflicting Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hannum, Hurst, "New Development in Indigenous Rights" dlm. Virginia Journal of International Law Vol. 28:649. hlm 649, 1987.
Higgins. R, 1963. The Development of International Law though the Political Organs of the United Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hunt, William, 1983. An Introduction to the Malayan Aborigines. New York: AMS Press.
Jannie Lasimbang, Hannah Maran & Jenifer Lasimbang, Report On Asia Indigenous Peoples' Perspectives On Development, Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), www.aippnet.org/home/…/ID-Report-web-20101130150441.pdf , (Capaian 5 Disember 2011).
Jones, Alun. "The Orang Asli: An Outline of their Progress in Modern Malaya" dlm. Journal of Southeast Asian History Vol. 9 (No. 2) hlm 287, 1968.
Konvensyen mengenai Perlindungan dan Integrasi Orang-orang Asal dengan puak-puak dan Suku Bangsa di dalam Negeri-negeri Bebas, Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa Nombor 107.
Konvensyen mengenai Orang-orang Asal dan Suku Bangsa di dalam Negeri-negeri Bebas, Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa Nombor 169.
MacKay, F, A Briefing on Indigenous Peoples' Rights and the United Nations Human Rights Committee, 2001. www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/…/ unhrcfppbriefdec01eng.pdf, (Capaian 19 Mac 2012).
McCorquodale, Robert, 2000. Self-determination in International Law. Dartmouth: Ashgate.
Nicholas, Colin, 2000. The Orang Asli and the Contest for Resources, Indigenous Politic, Development and Indentity in Peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA).
Nicholas, Collin et al., 1996. Indigenous Peoples of Asia, Many Peoples, One Struggle. Bangkok: Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact.
Nordin, Rohaida, 2008. "The Domestication of The Rights of the Indigenous Peoples (Orang Asli) in Malaysia". Phd Thesis: Lancaster University. Perlembagaan Kanada.
Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Malaysia.
Portugal lwn Australia (East Timor Case), ICJ Reports (1996).
Report of the Working Group in Indigenous Populations on its First Session, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1982/33 (1983).
Report of Commission of Working Group, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2000/84 (1999); France dalam Report of Commission Working Group UN Doc. E/CN.4/1997/102 (1996); Japan dalam Report of Commission Working Group UN Doc. E/ CN.4/1997/102 (1996).
Rehman, Javaid, "International Law and Indigenous Peoples: Definitional and Practical Problems" dlm. Journal of Civil Liberties Vol. 3, Issue 3. hlm 224, 1998.
Rohaida Nordin, "The right of the Indigenous Peoples: Development of Minimum International Standards" dlm. Quaterly Law Review 3 QLR, 2010.
Rohaida Nordin, Muhamad Sayuti Bin Hassan, Matthew Albert Witbrodt, 2012. "Indigenous Peoples in Asia: Indigenousness and Self-determination". Kertas Kerja Prosiding The 9th Annual Asli Conference 2012, Singapura, Fakulti Undang-undang, National University of Singapore. Mei 31 - 1 Jun 2012. Rosen, Lawrence, "Law and Indigenous Peoples" dlm. Law and Social Inquiry hlm. 363, 1992.
Temu bual bersama Tok Batin Sidek, 6 Oktober 2010, di Kampung Bumbun Rumah Tok Batin, Pulau Carey.
Thornberry. T, 2002. Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights. London: Manchester University Press.
UNDP Indigenous Peoples Programme and its Draft Guidelines for support to Indigenous Peoples; UNESCO Public Meeting on Education Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2003).
Waad Antarabangsa berkaitan Hak Sivil dan Politik.
Waad Antarabangsa berkaitan Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Kebudayaan.
Wessendorf, Kathrin et al, 2011. The Indigenous World 2011. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA).
World Bank Operational Directive, No. 4.20.
Xanthaki, Alexandra, 2007. Indigenous Rights and United Nations Standard. 1st Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Xanthaki, Alexandra, 2009. "Indigenous Rights in International Law Over The Last 10 Years and Future Developments" dlm. Melbourne Journal of International Law Vol. 10, 27, hlm 27, 2009.
Yogeswaran Subramaniam, 2007. Hak-hak Antarabangsa Orang-orang Asal, Perkembangan, Kemajuan dan Kemerosotan. Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Orang Asli Concerns.
Yahya Awang, 2006. Kajian Mengenai Masalah Ketiadaan Dokumen Pengenalan Diri di kalangan Masyarakat Orang Asli Semenanjung Malaysia. Selangor: Vinlin Press Sdn. Bhd.
Published
2020-04-23
How to Cite
NORDIN, Rohaida et al.
Hak Penentuan Nasib Sendiri Orang Asal: Kajian Kes Orang Asli di Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Pulau Carey.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 25, n. 1, p. 43-65, apr. 2020.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/7992>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
Section
Articles
