Umur Pesalah Kanak-kanak: Ketidakseragaman dalam Enakmen Jenayah Syariah dan Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah di Malaysia
Abstract
This article elucidates the provisions from two legislations, Syariah Criminal Enactment and Syariah Criminal Procedure Enactment and compares them with the provisions from Syariah law in relation to the determination of the age and the status of child offenders by virtue of opinions from muslim or fiqh scholars. Such an approach is employed to determine whether both provision are in compliance with the Syariah. The findings however reveals that there is a lacunae in the Islamic legislation pertaining to this issue. Therefore there is a need to reassess and reexamine the existing provisions of law. The analysis shows that the requirement of "baligh" (puberty) in the Syariah Criminal Law Enactments is streghtened by the khilaf of muslim scholars relating to the issue.The determination of the age of young offender in the Syariah Criminal Procedure Enactments in Malaysia as a person who must be above the age of ten but below the age of sixteen, can still be disputed if reference is made to the age of "baligh".
Keywords: child offender, young offender, puberty, syariah crimes, Syariah Criminal Procedure.
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al-Tha'albi, Abu Mansur, 1999. Fiqh al-lughah wa sir al-arabiyyah. Beirut : Darr al-Fikr al Arabiy.
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Abu Zahrah, Muhammad, t.th. al-Jarimah wa al-Uqubah fi al-Fiqh al-Islamiy, al-Jarimah. Kaherah: Dar al-Fikri al-Arabiy.
Ahmed Salem, Ali Ahmed. Huquq al-tifli fi al-Islam, al-huquq wa al-hajati min alnutfati ila al-marahiqah. http://uqu.edu.sa/page/ar/112048. (15 June 2010).
Ali Husseiniy, Mohammad. al-Taklif al-Sharci wa Shurutuhu. al-Majlis al-Islami al-Arabi. http://arabicmajlis.com/?id=1133. (24 September 2011).
Akta Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah (Wilayah-wilayah Persekutuan) 1997.
Akta Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Wilayah-wilayah Persekutuan) 1997.
Alwi Haji Abdul Rahman, 1999. Jenayah Kanak-kanak Menurut Undang-undang Islam. Selangor: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Al-Amidiy, Ali bin Abi Ali bin Muhammad, 1404H/1984. Al-Ihkam fi Usulal-ahkam. Jilid 1. Beirut: Darr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Audah, Abdul Qader, (t.t.). al-Tasyri' al-Jana'iy al-Islam Muqaranan bi al-Qanun al-Wad'iy. Jilid1. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabiy.
Bahnasiy, Muhammad Fathi, 1984. al-Mas'uliyyatu al-Janaiyyatu fi al-Fiqh alIslamiy Dirasah Fiqhiyyah Muqaranah. Beirut: Darr al-Shuruq.
Al-Bayjuriy, Ibrahim. 1983. Hashiyah Ibrahim al-Bayjuriy. Jilid 2. Mesir: Darr al-Tiba'ah al-Kubra al-Misriyyah.
Enakmen Acara Jenayah Syariah 1988 (Negeri Kedah).
Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Johor) 1997.
Enakmen Kesalahan Syariah (Negeri Melaka) 1991.
Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah (Negeri Pulau Pinang) 1996.
Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah 1995 (Sabah).
Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah (Taazir)(Terengganu) 2001.
Enakmen Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Sembilan) 2004.
Enakmen Jenayah (Syariah) 1992(Perak)
Enakmen Jenayah Syariah (Selangor) 1995.
Enakmen Prosedur Jenayah Dalam Syarak, 1991 (Negeri Perlis).
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Johor) 2003.
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah 2002 (Kelantan).
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Melaka) 2002.
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah 2002(Pahang).
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Pulau Pinang) 2004.
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Perak) 2004.
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah 2004(Sabah).
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah(Negeri Selangor) 2003.
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Sembilan) 2003.
Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Terengganu) 2001.
Gur, Ruben C., 2002. Ph.D. Declaration of Ruben C. Gur. Patterson v. Texas. Petition for Writ of Certiorari to US Supreme Court. J. Gary Hart, Counsel. www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus. (23 Oktober 2011).
Ibn Abidin, Muhammad Amin ibn Umar, 2000. Hashiyah Radd al-Mukhtar ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar. Jilid 6. Beirut: Darr Ma'rifah.
Ibn Farhun, Burhan al-Din Ibrahim bin Ali bin Abi al-Qasim bin Muhammad, 1995. Tabsirah al-Hukkam fi Usul al-Aqdiyah wa Manahij al-Ahkam. Jilid 2. Beirut: Darr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Rusyd, Abu al-Walid Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Rusyd, 1999. Bidayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah al-Muqtasid. Jilid 2. Beirut: Darr Ma'rifah.
Kanun Prosedur Jenayah (Akta 593).
Ibn Qudamah, Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Qudamah Muwaffaq al-Maqdisi, 2005. al-Mughniy. Al-Riyadh: Darr Alim al-Kutub.
al-Kasaniy, Ala' al-Din Abi Bakr bin Mascud al-Hanafi, 2000. Kitab bada'i' alSana'i fi Tartib al-Shara'iy. Jilid 7. Beirut : Darr Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabiy.
al-Mahalliy, Jalal al-Din Muhammad bin Ahmad, 1956. Sharhu al-Minhaj al-Talibin. Jilid 4. Kaherah: Mustafa al-Halabi.
al-Mawardiy, Abi al-Hasan bin Aliy bin Muhammad bin Habib, 1994. al-Hawiy
al-Kabir. Juz 13. Beirut: Darr al-Kutub al-Alamiyyah.
Ordinan Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah 2001 (Sarawak).
Ordinan Tatacara Jenayah Syariah 2001 (Sarawak).
Ortiz, Adam. 2004. Cruel and Unusual Punishment:The Juvenile Death Penalty,
Adolescence, Brain Development and Legal Culpability. Washington: Juvenile Justice Centre, American Bar Association. www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus. (23 Oktober 2011).
al-Qurtubiy, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abu Bakr al-Ansari, 2008.
Al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.http://www.iid-alraid.de/ EnOfQuran /TafseerTafseerBooks//qurtby 077.htm. (28 September 2010). Sabahiy, Muhammad Rabi', 2008. Jara'im al-Ahdath fi al-Sharikati al-Islamiyyah, al-Musykilatu wa al-Ilaj, Dirasatun Fiqhiyyatun Tarbawiyyatun. Dimashq: Darr al-Nawadir.
al-Sharbiniy, Muhammad bin Ahmad, 1994. Mughniy al-muhtaj ila Ma'rifati Maaniy Alfazi al-Minhaj. Jilid 5. Beirut: Darr al-Kutub al-Alamiyyah..
al-Sarakhsiy, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Abi Sahl, 1997. Usul al-Sarakhsi. Jilid 1. Beirut: Darr Ma'rifah.
al-Shiraziy,Abu Ishak Ibrahim bin Ali bin Yusof, (t.t.). al-Muhadhdhab. Jilid 2. Kaherah: Isa al-Halabi.
al-Suyutiy, Jalal al-Din Abdul Rahman, 2003. al-Ashbah wa al-Nazair fi Qawa'id wa Furu' Fiqh al-Shafi'iyyah. Kaherah: Darr al-Salam.
al-Tha'albi, Abu Mansur, 1999. Fiqh al-lughah wa sir al-arabiyyah. Beirut : Darr al-Fikr al Arabiy.
al-Zaila'i, Fakhru al-Din, (t.t.). Tabyin al-Haqai'q Sharh Kanz al-Daqa'iq. Mesir: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiy.
Published
2012-06-01
How to Cite
ABDUL RAHIM, Anita; YUSOF, Wafaa'.
Umur Pesalah Kanak-kanak: Ketidakseragaman dalam Enakmen Jenayah Syariah dan Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah di Malaysia.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 24, n. 1, p. 1-23, june 2012.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/8008>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
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