Transformation of Electronic Technology through the Application of e-Syariah and i-Syariah Systems in the Syariah Court Case Management System in Malaysia
(Transformasi Teknologi Elektronik Melalui Aplikasi Sistem E-Syariah dan I-Syariah dalam Sistem Pengurusan Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia)
Abstract
The implementation of information technology in the Syariah Judiciary Institution has been well received by all Syariah Courts throughout Malaysia through the application of the e-Syariah system. The innovation and electronic technology transformation has been continued in several Syariah Courts, including the Syariah Court in Sarawak that developed a new system called the i-Syariah, or Syariah Intelligence Management System. This research paper is aimed at analysing the development of the Syariah Court Case Management System through the e-Syariah system at the federal level and the i-Syariah system that is applied in Sarawak. Analysis was also done on the modules developed in the e-Syariah and i-Syariah systems to acquire comprehensive research information. A qualitative research methodology was applied to the progress of e-Syariah and i-Syariah systems' development and a comparative methodology was applied to compare the systems applied in the Civil Court with the contents of systems applied in the Syariah Judiciary Institution. The research found that the electronic technology transformation in the Syariah Court has shown less development compared to that of the Civil Court, which applies e-Filing system (EFS), Case Management System (CMS), Queue Management System (QMS), Court Recording and Transcribing (CRT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Community and Advocate Portal System (CAP). However, according to the i-Syariah development plan, various applications that are used in the Civil Court will be implemented in the Sarawak Syariah Court to ensure that the information and communication technology (ICT) transformation is in line with the digital technology development in Sarawak.
References
Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 10 Tahun 2001 "Pengumpulan Kes-kes untuk Jurnal Hukum".
Arahan Amalan No. 6 Tahun 2013 "Penggunaan Aplikasi E-Bicara oleh Hakim Syarie".
BH Online. (2020) "Kerajaan komited perkasa Mahkamah Syariah". Diakses pada 7 Disember 2020 daripada https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/ nasional/2019/02/530551/kerajaan-komited-perkasa-mahkamah-syariah
Claire Lim & Rachel Gong. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in the Courts: AI sentencing in Sabah and Sarawak. Khazanah Research Institute (KRI), 3. Diakses daripada http://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/ editor/200821%20AI%20in%20the%20Courts%20v3_02092020.pdf
Claudius Mitchell Hamarah and Fitri Suraya Mohamad. (2020). "Mathematical Cognition and Big Data Analytics: Are Sarawak Teachers Ready?" Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 6(1), March 2020, 1-8.; https:// doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1591.2020.
Fahmi Zaidi Abdul Razak, Azlina Abu Bakar & Wan Salihin Wong Abdullah. (2017). How perceived effort expectancy and social influence affects the continuance of intention to use e-government: A study of a Malaysian government service. Electronic Government: An International Journal, 13(1), 69-80.
Gan Chee Keong. (April 2017). Judicial Reforms through the Use of Technology in Malaysia. European Academic Research, V(1), 399-409
Haniff Zainal Abidin. (2006). E-Government implementation in Malaysia: A comparison of Malaysia's and Korea's e-Government (Unpublished Thesis Master in Public Policy). KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Cheongyang Seoul Korea.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia. (2005). Pekeliling Ketua Pengarah/ Ketua Hakim Syarie Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia Bilangan 2 Tahun 2005. "Garis Panduan Bagi Penggunaan Modul dan Kemudahan Peguam dalam Sistem Pengurusan Kes Mahkamah Syariah (SPKMS) e-Syariah" berkuatkuasa pada 19 Oktober 2005.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. (2019). DGC Paper No. 2018/02/02 dibentangkan di Wisma Bapa di hadapan Setiausaha Kerajaan negeri Sarawak pada 14 Mac 2019.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Pembentangan Modules Breakdown for RMK-11 (2019-2020) pada 29 April 2020 di Wisma Bapa Malaysia Sarawak Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Pembentangan Modules Breakdown for RMK-12 pada 27 November 2020 di Sibu Sarawak.
Kamal Halili Hassan & Maizatul Farisah Mokhtar. (2011). The e-Court system in Malaysia". International Conference on Education and Management Technology, 242.
Khidmat Bantuan Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga. Portal MyGovernment, diakses pada 1 Disember 2020. [https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/ content/28866?language=my].
Koleksi Ucapan Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad. 7 Februari 2003, Hotel Marriot, Putrajaya "Majlis Pelancaran e-Syariah"; diakses pada 1 Disember 2020 melalui laman web https://www.pmo.gov.my/ ucapan/?m=p&p=mahathir&id=304
Kursus Penggunaan Sistem e-Syariah (Modul e-Bicara) kepada Hakim Syarie JKSS dilaksanakan pada 5 Ogos 2015. Portal Rasmi Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak, diakses pada 1 Disember 2020. https://syariah.sarawak.gov. my/modules/web/pages.php?lang=en&mod=photo_gallery&sub=photo_ listing&menu_id=&sub_id=&alb=27
Laman E-Locator Jakess. Di akses pada 7 Disember 2020.; http://elocator.jakess. gov.my/
N Norshita, B.Z Halimah, T.S Tengku Mohammad. (2010). Public user assessment of Malaysia's e-government applications. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 43, 813-817.
Mornizan Yahya, Feridah Nadzar & Baharom Abdul Rahman. (2012). Examining user acceptance of e-syariah portal among syariah users in Malaysia. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2012.11.338.
Muhd Rosydi Muhammad. (2009). Antecedents of IT Alignment in Public Sector: Case of e-Syariah Implementation in Malaysia. UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2009, 1-11. https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=ukais2009
Muhd Rosydi Muhammad. (2013). Managing the implementation of e-government in Malaysia: A case of e-syariah. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 92-99.
Najaruddin Nedri, Pengurus Projek i-Syariah JKSS. Tem bual pada 1 Disember 2020.
New Sarawak Tribune. State Syariah Dept first to adopt i-Syariah. (6 Julai 2020). Diakses pada 2 disember 2020 https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/ state-syariah-dept-first-to-adopt-i-syariah
New Straits Times. Malaysian judiciary makes history, uses AI in sentencing. (19 Februari 2020). Diakses pada 2 disember 2020 https://www.nst.com.my/ news/nation/2020/02/567024/malaysian-judiciary-makes-history-uses-aisentencing
Noore Alam Siddiquee. (2007). Public service innovations, policy transfer and governance in the Asia-Pacific region: The Malaysian experience. JOAAG, 2(1), 81-91.
Noraini Noordina, Adibah Shuib, Mohammad Said Zainol & Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil. (2012). Review on issues and challenges in Islamic inheritance distribution in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 03(12), 27-38.
Norazah Mohd Suki & T. Ramayah. (2010). User acceptance of the e-government services in Malaysia: Structural equation modelling approach. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 5, 395-413.
Norlida Ramly, Mohd, Fuaad Said, Choo Wei Chong & Suhaimi Ab. Rahman. (2015). Analyzing factors that affect e-syariah adoption by shar'ie lawyers. Jurnal Pengurusan, 43, 89-96.
Norman Zakiyy & Kamal Halili Hassan. (2015). Prospects of using early neutral evaluation in case management of complex civil cases in Malaysia. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 1(3), 9-19.
Normi Abdul Malek. (2016). The family institution and its governing laws in Malaysia as a vanguard in protecting the society from social ailments: A shari'ah perspective. IIUM Law Journal, 24(2), 397-413. https://doi. org/10.31436/iiumlj.v24i2.235
Norshidah Mohamed, Husnayati Hussin & Ramlah Hussein. (2009). Measuring users' satisfaction with Malaysia's electronic government systems. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 7(3), 283 -294.
Norshita Mat Nayan, Halimah Badioze Zaman & Tengku Mohd Tengku Sembok. (2011). Measurement model to evaluate success of e-government applications through visual relationship. Visual Informatics: Sustaining Research and Innovations, Second International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC, 295- 304.
Nurul Aiqa Mohamad Zain, Wan Satirah Wan Mohamad Saman, Saiful Farik Mat Yatin, Abdul Rahman Ahmad, Norshila Saifuddin, Wan Nor Haliza Wan Mokhtar & Nik Nurul Emyliana Nik Ramlee. (2018). Developing legal framework for e-court in judicial delivery. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.7), 202-205. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet. v7i3.7.16351
Opening Address and Official Launching of IDECS 2020. Data and Innovation in Accelerating Social and Economic Prosperity, By YAB Datuk Patinggi (Dr) Abang Haji Abdul Rahman Zohari bin Tun Datuk Abang Haji Openg (Chief Minister of Sarawak) 7 October 2020 at Borneo Convention Centre Kuching (BCCK).; official website office of the chief minister of sarawak,; [https://cm.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages. php?mod=speeches&sub=speeches_view&menu_id=&sub_id=&nid=79]
Pekeliling Ketua Pengarah Tanah dan Galian Persekutuan Bilangan 7/2017 "Peritah, Sijil Atau Perakuan Faraid Tidak Boleh Digunakan Bagi Tujuan Pendaftaran Turun Milik Harta Pusaka Si Mati", h. 1.; Official Portal Department of Director General of Lands & Mines, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, https://www.jkptg.gov.my/en/panduan/senaraipekeliling/ pekeliling-terbuka/item/pekeliling-ketua-pengarah-tanah-dangalian- persekutuan-bilangan-7-2017
Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia.
Permohonan Pendaftaran Perceraian atau Cerai dengan Persetujuan Bersama (Orang Islam Sahaja). Diakses pada 1 Disember 2020 daripada http:// mysolve.perak.my/
Portal Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia. "E-Bicara", laman sesawang laman sesawang Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia, Diakses pada 20 Februari 2019 daripada http://www.jksm.gov.my/index.php/awam/e-syariah/275-ebicara
Portal Rasmi Pejabat Ketua Pendaftar Mahkamah Persekutuan Malaysia. "Alasan Penghakiman". Diakses pada 2 Disember 2020. http://www.kehakiman.gov. my/ms/alasan-penghakiman
Portal the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak. Launching Of The High Court Of Sabah And Sarawak Website In Kuching, Sarawak. Diakses pada 2 Disember 2020 daripada https://judiciary.kehakiman.gov.my/portals/web/home/ article_view/0/460//1
Prashobh Karunakaran. (2014). Electric Power grid optimization for thestate of Sarawak as an example for developing countries. International journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunication, 3(2), 97-117.
Ramizah Wan Muhammad & Khairunnasriah Abdul Salam. (2019). Kejayaan modal insan dan inovasi dalam pentadbiran mahkamah syariah: Membina model antarabangsa. Jurnal Syariah, 27(1), 27-44.
Razlini Mohd Ramli. (2017). e-Government implementation challenges in Malaysia and South Korea: A comparative study. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 80(7), 1-26. https://doi. org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2017.tb00591.x
Reiling, A.D. (Dory). (2020). Courts and artificial intelligence. International Journal for Court Administration, 11(2), 1-10. DOI: http://doi.org/10.36745/ ijca.343
Rohana Husin Rohaizah Saad & Zakirah Othman. (2017). E-Kerajaan: Tinjauan dan perlaksanaannya di Malaysia. Journal of Technology and Operations Management, 12(2), (December), 7-14
Roslina Che Soh@Yusoff, Nurhidayah Muhammad Hashim & Mohd. Na'im Mokhtar. (2017). Bahagian sokongan keluarga membantu anak selepas perceraian: Keberkesanan, cabaran dan perbandingan dengan amalan negara maju. KANUN, 29(2), 60-89.
Syahrul Nizam Junaini & Nadianatra Musa. (2007). Success Of e-Government Initiative In Sarawak. Public Sector Ict Management Review, 1(1), March, 46-50.
The Star Online. Digital justice: Liew says AI to aid in sentencing for drug, rape trials in Sabah from Feb 17. Diakses pada 2 Disember 2020 daripada https:// www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/01/30/digital-justice-liew-says-aito- mete-out-sentences-for-drug-rape-trials-in-sabah-from-feb-17
Unit Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi JAKESS. (2012). Pelan Strategik ICT Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Selangor (JAKESS) 2011-2015. UTMK JAKESS: Selangor, h. 11.
Utusan Borneo Online. Pengenalan sistem i-Syariah mantapkan Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Diakses pada 6 Julai 2020 daripada https:// www.utusanborneo.com.my/2020/07/06/pengenalan-sistem-i-syariahmantapkan- jabatan-kehakiman-syariah-sarawak
Wan Satirah Wan Mohd Saman & Abrar Haider. (2012). "Electronic Court Records Management: A Case Study". Journal of e-Government Studies and Best Practices, Vol. 2012, 1-11. DOI: 10.5171/2012.925115.
Arahan Amalan No. 6 Tahun 2013 "Penggunaan Aplikasi E-Bicara oleh Hakim Syarie".
BH Online. (2020) "Kerajaan komited perkasa Mahkamah Syariah". Diakses pada 7 Disember 2020 daripada https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/ nasional/2019/02/530551/kerajaan-komited-perkasa-mahkamah-syariah
Claire Lim & Rachel Gong. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in the Courts: AI sentencing in Sabah and Sarawak. Khazanah Research Institute (KRI), 3. Diakses daripada http://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/ editor/200821%20AI%20in%20the%20Courts%20v3_02092020.pdf
Claudius Mitchell Hamarah and Fitri Suraya Mohamad. (2020). "Mathematical Cognition and Big Data Analytics: Are Sarawak Teachers Ready?" Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 6(1), March 2020, 1-8.; https:// doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1591.2020.
Fahmi Zaidi Abdul Razak, Azlina Abu Bakar & Wan Salihin Wong Abdullah. (2017). How perceived effort expectancy and social influence affects the continuance of intention to use e-government: A study of a Malaysian government service. Electronic Government: An International Journal, 13(1), 69-80.
Gan Chee Keong. (April 2017). Judicial Reforms through the Use of Technology in Malaysia. European Academic Research, V(1), 399-409
Haniff Zainal Abidin. (2006). E-Government implementation in Malaysia: A comparison of Malaysia's and Korea's e-Government (Unpublished Thesis Master in Public Policy). KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Cheongyang Seoul Korea.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia. (2005). Pekeliling Ketua Pengarah/ Ketua Hakim Syarie Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia Bilangan 2 Tahun 2005. "Garis Panduan Bagi Penggunaan Modul dan Kemudahan Peguam dalam Sistem Pengurusan Kes Mahkamah Syariah (SPKMS) e-Syariah" berkuatkuasa pada 19 Oktober 2005.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. (2019). DGC Paper No. 2018/02/02 dibentangkan di Wisma Bapa di hadapan Setiausaha Kerajaan negeri Sarawak pada 14 Mac 2019.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Pembentangan Modules Breakdown for RMK-11 (2019-2020) pada 29 April 2020 di Wisma Bapa Malaysia Sarawak Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Pembentangan Modules Breakdown for RMK-12 pada 27 November 2020 di Sibu Sarawak.
Kamal Halili Hassan & Maizatul Farisah Mokhtar. (2011). The e-Court system in Malaysia". International Conference on Education and Management Technology, 242.
Khidmat Bantuan Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga. Portal MyGovernment, diakses pada 1 Disember 2020. [https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/ content/28866?language=my].
Koleksi Ucapan Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad. 7 Februari 2003, Hotel Marriot, Putrajaya "Majlis Pelancaran e-Syariah"; diakses pada 1 Disember 2020 melalui laman web https://www.pmo.gov.my/ ucapan/?m=p&p=mahathir&id=304
Kursus Penggunaan Sistem e-Syariah (Modul e-Bicara) kepada Hakim Syarie JKSS dilaksanakan pada 5 Ogos 2015. Portal Rasmi Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak, diakses pada 1 Disember 2020. https://syariah.sarawak.gov. my/modules/web/pages.php?lang=en&mod=photo_gallery&sub=photo_ listing&menu_id=&sub_id=&alb=27
Laman E-Locator Jakess. Di akses pada 7 Disember 2020.; http://elocator.jakess. gov.my/
N Norshita, B.Z Halimah, T.S Tengku Mohammad. (2010). Public user assessment of Malaysia's e-government applications. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 43, 813-817.
Mornizan Yahya, Feridah Nadzar & Baharom Abdul Rahman. (2012). Examining user acceptance of e-syariah portal among syariah users in Malaysia. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2012.11.338.
Muhd Rosydi Muhammad. (2009). Antecedents of IT Alignment in Public Sector: Case of e-Syariah Implementation in Malaysia. UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2009, 1-11. https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=ukais2009
Muhd Rosydi Muhammad. (2013). Managing the implementation of e-government in Malaysia: A case of e-syariah. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 92-99.
Najaruddin Nedri, Pengurus Projek i-Syariah JKSS. Tem bual pada 1 Disember 2020.
New Sarawak Tribune. State Syariah Dept first to adopt i-Syariah. (6 Julai 2020). Diakses pada 2 disember 2020 https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/ state-syariah-dept-first-to-adopt-i-syariah
New Straits Times. Malaysian judiciary makes history, uses AI in sentencing. (19 Februari 2020). Diakses pada 2 disember 2020 https://www.nst.com.my/ news/nation/2020/02/567024/malaysian-judiciary-makes-history-uses-aisentencing
Noore Alam Siddiquee. (2007). Public service innovations, policy transfer and governance in the Asia-Pacific region: The Malaysian experience. JOAAG, 2(1), 81-91.
Noraini Noordina, Adibah Shuib, Mohammad Said Zainol & Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil. (2012). Review on issues and challenges in Islamic inheritance distribution in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 03(12), 27-38.
Norazah Mohd Suki & T. Ramayah. (2010). User acceptance of the e-government services in Malaysia: Structural equation modelling approach. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 5, 395-413.
Norlida Ramly, Mohd, Fuaad Said, Choo Wei Chong & Suhaimi Ab. Rahman. (2015). Analyzing factors that affect e-syariah adoption by shar'ie lawyers. Jurnal Pengurusan, 43, 89-96.
Norman Zakiyy & Kamal Halili Hassan. (2015). Prospects of using early neutral evaluation in case management of complex civil cases in Malaysia. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 1(3), 9-19.
Normi Abdul Malek. (2016). The family institution and its governing laws in Malaysia as a vanguard in protecting the society from social ailments: A shari'ah perspective. IIUM Law Journal, 24(2), 397-413. https://doi. org/10.31436/iiumlj.v24i2.235
Norshidah Mohamed, Husnayati Hussin & Ramlah Hussein. (2009). Measuring users' satisfaction with Malaysia's electronic government systems. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 7(3), 283 -294.
Norshita Mat Nayan, Halimah Badioze Zaman & Tengku Mohd Tengku Sembok. (2011). Measurement model to evaluate success of e-government applications through visual relationship. Visual Informatics: Sustaining Research and Innovations, Second International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC, 295- 304.
Nurul Aiqa Mohamad Zain, Wan Satirah Wan Mohamad Saman, Saiful Farik Mat Yatin, Abdul Rahman Ahmad, Norshila Saifuddin, Wan Nor Haliza Wan Mokhtar & Nik Nurul Emyliana Nik Ramlee. (2018). Developing legal framework for e-court in judicial delivery. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.7), 202-205. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet. v7i3.7.16351
Opening Address and Official Launching of IDECS 2020. Data and Innovation in Accelerating Social and Economic Prosperity, By YAB Datuk Patinggi (Dr) Abang Haji Abdul Rahman Zohari bin Tun Datuk Abang Haji Openg (Chief Minister of Sarawak) 7 October 2020 at Borneo Convention Centre Kuching (BCCK).; official website office of the chief minister of sarawak,; [https://cm.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages. php?mod=speeches&sub=speeches_view&menu_id=&sub_id=&nid=79]
Pekeliling Ketua Pengarah Tanah dan Galian Persekutuan Bilangan 7/2017 "Peritah, Sijil Atau Perakuan Faraid Tidak Boleh Digunakan Bagi Tujuan Pendaftaran Turun Milik Harta Pusaka Si Mati", h. 1.; Official Portal Department of Director General of Lands & Mines, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, https://www.jkptg.gov.my/en/panduan/senaraipekeliling/ pekeliling-terbuka/item/pekeliling-ketua-pengarah-tanah-dangalian- persekutuan-bilangan-7-2017
Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia.
Permohonan Pendaftaran Perceraian atau Cerai dengan Persetujuan Bersama (Orang Islam Sahaja). Diakses pada 1 Disember 2020 daripada http:// mysolve.perak.my/
Portal Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia. "E-Bicara", laman sesawang laman sesawang Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia, Diakses pada 20 Februari 2019 daripada http://www.jksm.gov.my/index.php/awam/e-syariah/275-ebicara
Portal Rasmi Pejabat Ketua Pendaftar Mahkamah Persekutuan Malaysia. "Alasan Penghakiman". Diakses pada 2 Disember 2020. http://www.kehakiman.gov. my/ms/alasan-penghakiman
Portal the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak. Launching Of The High Court Of Sabah And Sarawak Website In Kuching, Sarawak. Diakses pada 2 Disember 2020 daripada https://judiciary.kehakiman.gov.my/portals/web/home/ article_view/0/460//1
Prashobh Karunakaran. (2014). Electric Power grid optimization for thestate of Sarawak as an example for developing countries. International journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunication, 3(2), 97-117.
Ramizah Wan Muhammad & Khairunnasriah Abdul Salam. (2019). Kejayaan modal insan dan inovasi dalam pentadbiran mahkamah syariah: Membina model antarabangsa. Jurnal Syariah, 27(1), 27-44.
Razlini Mohd Ramli. (2017). e-Government implementation challenges in Malaysia and South Korea: A comparative study. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 80(7), 1-26. https://doi. org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2017.tb00591.x
Reiling, A.D. (Dory). (2020). Courts and artificial intelligence. International Journal for Court Administration, 11(2), 1-10. DOI: http://doi.org/10.36745/ ijca.343
Rohana Husin Rohaizah Saad & Zakirah Othman. (2017). E-Kerajaan: Tinjauan dan perlaksanaannya di Malaysia. Journal of Technology and Operations Management, 12(2), (December), 7-14
Roslina Che Soh@Yusoff, Nurhidayah Muhammad Hashim & Mohd. Na'im Mokhtar. (2017). Bahagian sokongan keluarga membantu anak selepas perceraian: Keberkesanan, cabaran dan perbandingan dengan amalan negara maju. KANUN, 29(2), 60-89.
Syahrul Nizam Junaini & Nadianatra Musa. (2007). Success Of e-Government Initiative In Sarawak. Public Sector Ict Management Review, 1(1), March, 46-50.
The Star Online. Digital justice: Liew says AI to aid in sentencing for drug, rape trials in Sabah from Feb 17. Diakses pada 2 Disember 2020 daripada https:// www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/01/30/digital-justice-liew-says-aito- mete-out-sentences-for-drug-rape-trials-in-sabah-from-feb-17
Unit Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi JAKESS. (2012). Pelan Strategik ICT Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Selangor (JAKESS) 2011-2015. UTMK JAKESS: Selangor, h. 11.
Utusan Borneo Online. Pengenalan sistem i-Syariah mantapkan Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak. Diakses pada 6 Julai 2020 daripada https:// www.utusanborneo.com.my/2020/07/06/pengenalan-sistem-i-syariahmantapkan- jabatan-kehakiman-syariah-sarawak
Wan Satirah Wan Mohd Saman & Abrar Haider. (2012). "Electronic Court Records Management: A Case Study". Journal of e-Government Studies and Best Practices, Vol. 2012, 1-11. DOI: 10.5171/2012.925115.
Published
2022-01-02
How to Cite
MAHMOD, Zulzaidi; BUANG, Ahmad Hidayat.
Transformation of Electronic Technology through the Application of e-Syariah and i-Syariah Systems in the Syariah Court Case Management System in Malaysia.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 34, n. 1, p. 45-74, jan. 2022.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/8112>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/kanun.34(1)no3.
Section
Articles
