Laws on Telemedicine in Healthcare in Malaysia
Abstract
The development of telemedicine has transformed the landscape of healthcare delivery by enabling consultations, diagnoses, and treatments to be conducted remotely through digital platforms. In Malaysia, the Telemedicine Act 1997 was enacted to regulate such services. However, the lack of clear enforcement mechanisms has raised concerns regarding the effectiveness of the Act in addressing emerging legal and ethical issues. Accordingly, this article critically examines the legal framework governing telemedicine in Malaysia, with particular focus on medical negligence, patient confidentiality, informed consent, and jurisdictional issues. The absence of specific guidelines and weak legal enforcement has created regulatory gaps that may pose risks to both patients and medical practitioners, especially in the context of virtual consultations. Employing a qualitative methodology with a comparative legal approach, this study analyses relevant literature from selected foreign jurisdictions, namely Singapore and Australia, as useful reference points. The study further proposes legal reforms to strengthen the telemedicine regulatory framework in Malaysia, including updates to existing legislation, the introduction of specific telemedicine regulations, and the establishment of more effective enforcement mechanisms to ensure the delivery of safe, ethical, and sustainable digital healthcare services.
Keywords: Digital healthcare services, ethics, medical negligence, virtual healthcare, telemedicine, legal reform
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References
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34. Leighton, C., Cooper, A., Porter, A., Edwards, A., & Joseph-Williams, N. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of asynchronous telemedicine consultations in general practice: a systematic review. BJGP Open, 8(1), https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0177
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36. M. Quraish Shihab. (2002). Tafsir al-mishbah: Pesan, kesan, dan keserasian al-Qur’an (Jld. 1). Lentera Hati.
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38. Majeed, N., Hilal, A., & Khan, A.N. (2023). Doctrinal research in law: Meaning, scope and methodology. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 12(4), 559–563. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00167
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44. Michelle Yin, Rajani Balakrishnan, Asokan Vasudevan, Sharmila Devi Ramachandran, Huimin Fan, & Muhamad Saufi Che Rusuli. (2024). Factors influencing telehealth adoption among consumers in Malaysia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(13), 6114. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd6114
45. Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2023). Health white paper for Malaysia: Strengthening people’s health, future-proofing the nation’s health system. Government of Malaysia. https://www.moh.gov.my
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49. Intan Sabrina Mohamad, & Irma Ruslina Defi (2021). Telemedicine guidelines in South East Asia - A Scoping Review. Front Neurol, 11, 581649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.581649
50. Nittari, G., Khuman, R., Baldoni, S., Pallotta, G., Battineni, G., Sirignano, A., Amenta, F., & Ricci, G. (2020). Telemedicine practice: Review of the current ethical and legal challenges. Telemedicine and e-Health, 26(12), 1427–1437. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0158
51. Njoto, H. (2023). The forms of legal protection of patient medical records in online health services. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 7(2), 211–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v7i2.33462
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Published
2026-01-30
How to Cite
LOH, Zhuo Zhen; MOHD ZAHIR, Mohd Zamre.
Laws on Telemedicine in Healthcare in Malaysia.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 38, n. 1, p. 105-128, jan. 2026.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <http://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/9147>. Date accessed: 30 jan. 2026.
Section
Articles
