Evolution of Cybercrime in the Digital Era: An Analysis of Technology, Society, and the Legal Framework in Malaysia

Abstract

Digital transformation has become a foundation of economic development and is expected to continue expanding alongside technological advancement. Despite the benefits brought by these developments, cyberspace has also evolved into a new medium for criminal activity. Cybercrime encompasses various forms, including online fraud, misuse of personal data, attacks on computer systems, and the dissemination of false information. Therefore, this study discusses the increasingly serious issue of cybercrime in the digital era, particularly its social and economic effects on society. This study also aims to analyse the factors influencing cybersecurity awareness among the public, identify common cybercrime modus operandi in Malaysia and examine the social and economic impacts on victims. Through literature review and case analysis, the study proposes relevant preventive measures and policy recommendations to reduce the occurrence of cybercrime. The findings indicate that digital security education, technological literacy, law enforcement, and cooperation between government and private sectors play significant roles in building a secure cyber ecosystem. The study recommends an integrated approach encompassing public education, family supervision, and investment in cybersecurity infrastructure as proactive measures to address cybercrime threats.

Keywords: Cybercrime, cybersecurity awareness, online fraud, digital education, cybersecurity policy, social and economic impact