Analisis Transitiviti Proses Material Ceroboh dalam Laporan Berita Konflik Lahad Datu 2013
Abstrak
Kajian ini merupakan analisis linguistik mengenai konflik yang berlaku di Lahad Datu, Sabah pada tahun 2013, seperti yang dilaporkan dalam akhbar. Dengan menggunakan arkib berita dalam talian, kajian kuantitatif dan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti unsur bahasa yang menggambarkan konflik dan melihat kecenderungan membuat tafsiran yang berbeza berdasarkan laporan akhbar yang dipilih, dan melakarkan kecenderungan itu. Teks laporan berita berbahasa Melayu daripada empat buah akhbar, iaitu
dua buah akhbar nasional (Utusan Malaysia dan Berita Harian) dan dua buah akhbar tempatan Sabah (Utusan Borneo dan New Sabah Times-bahagian berita bahasa Melayu) dianalisis dan dikenal pasti kata leksikal utamanya. Kata leksikal utama yang dijana berbantukan kaedah linguistik korpus kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan analisis transitiviti Teori Sistemik-Fungsional oleh Halliday (1981, 1985). Kajian ini mendapati bahawa penggunaan butir leksikal menghasilkan tafsiran yang berbeza antara akhbar, yang berpunca daripada penggunaannya dalam konteks klausa dan ayat. Perbezaan tafsiran oleh akhbar yang berbeza juga dapat dilihat daripada struktur tematik klausa. Kesimpulannya, penerapan Teori Sistemik-Fungsional dan analisis transitiviti yang telah dipilih, sesuai digunakan untuk memperlihatkan perbezaan tafsiran antara akhbar yang dikaji.
Kata kunci: Konflik, klausa, transitiviti, proses, tafsiran, ceroboh
Rujukan
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11. Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus linguistics: Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge University Press.
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34. McEnery, T., & Wilson, A. (2001). Corpus linguistics: An introduction (2nd ed.). Edinburg University Press.
35. Miller, C. E. (2005). A glossary of terms and concepts in peace and conflict studies M. E. King (Ed.). www.upeace.org/pdf/glossaryv2.pdf
36. Mohd Ariff Othman. (1988). Tuntutan Filipina terhadap Sabah: Implikasi dari segi sejarah, Undang-undang dan politik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
37. Mohd Faizal Musa. (2013). Konflik Malaysia-Kesultanan Sulu: The tertius gaudens dan hak-hak pihak dalam pertikaian. International Journal of the Malay World and civilisation (Iman) 1(2), 19-29. https://www.academia. edu/3988078/Konflik_Malaysia-Kesultanan_Sulu_The_Tertius_Gaudens_ dan_Hak hak_Pihak_dalam_Pertikaian
38. Mohd. Foad Sakdan. (2005). Pengurusan konflik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
39. Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli & Maizatun Mustafa. (2014). Sultan of Sulu's Sabah claim: Reminiscence of a 'long-lost' sovereignty. Journal of Social Science for Policy Implications, 2(1), 185-189. http://jsspi.com/journals/jsspi/ Vol_2_No_1_March_2014/11.pdf
40. Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli & Muhamad Azim Mazlan. (2013). Sultan of Sulu's Sabah claim: A case of 'long-lost' sovereignty? RSIS COMMENTARIES. http://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CO13043.pdf
41. Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud. (2009). Tuntutan Filipina ke atas Borneo Utara. Penerbit UKM.
42. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (1994). Bahasa jual beli dalam perniagaan runcit: Satu analisis semantik dan pragmatik [Disertasi kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
43. Oxford English Dictionary Online. (2018). https://www.lexico.com/definition/ oxford_english_dictionary
44. Penceroboh Lahad Datu didakwa di Mahkamah Tawau. (2013, 21 Mac). The Malaysian Times.
45. Polis sahkan Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram ditahan di Semporna. (2013, 14 Mac). Utusan Malaysia.
46. Pruitt, D. G. (1998). Social conflict. In G. Lindzey, D. Gilbert & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4 ed). McGraw-Hill.
47. Rasinger, S. M. (2010). Lithuanian migrants send crime rocketing: Representation of 'new' migrants in regional printed media. Media, Culture & Society, 32(6), 1021-1030.
48. Reuben, R. C. (2009). The impact of news coverage on conflict: Toward greater understanding. Marquette Law Review, 93(1).
49. Schmidt, S. M., & Kochan, T. A. (1972). Conflict: toward conceptual clarity. administrative science quarterly, 17(3), 359-370. https://www.academia. edu/530631/Conflict_Toward_conceptual_clarity
50. Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-109.
51. Siti Nur Ain Mustafa & Mohamad Saifudin Mohamad Saleh. (2018). Pelaporan Berita pencemaran bauksit dalam akhbar dalam talian di Malaysia. Forum Komunikasi, 13(1), 57-78.
52. Speakman, J., & Ryals, L. (2010). A re-evaluation of conflict theory for the management of multiple, simultaneous conflict episodes. International Journal of Conflict Management, 21(2), 186-201. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/10444061011037404
53. Sperber. D., & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Basil Blackwell.
54. Stubbs, M. (1983). Discourse analysis: The sociolinguistic analysis of natural language. Basil Blackwell.
55. Syahirah Almuddin, Ahmad Arifin Sapar, Surinderpal Kaur & Mohamad Hussin. (2022). Suara pelarian Syria dalam laporan al-Jazeera. Al-Ḍād Journal, 6(1), 173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/aldad.vol.no1.9.
56. Tan, J. S. (1994). Wacana berita sukan dalam akhbar bahasa Melayu: Satu analisis makrostruktur semantik [Disertasi kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
57. Thomas, K. W. (1992). Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13, 265-274.
58. van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse and society, 4, 249-283.
59. van Leeuwen, T. J. (1996). The representation of social actors. In Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard & Malcolm Coulthard (Eds). Texts and practices: Readings in critical discourse analysis. Routledge.
2. Abdullah Ahmad. (1987). Tengku Abdul Rahman dan dasar luar Malaysia, 1963-1970. Berita Publishing Sdn Bhd.
3. Anthony, L. (2014). Antconc version 3.4.1. Waseda University. http://www. laurenceanthony.net/
4. Asmah Haji Omar. (2013). Concept of conflict, war and peace in the Malay language. Dewan dan Pustaka.
5. Asmah Haji Omar. (2014). Discourse through letters: A social-functional approach. Middle-East Journal of scientific research 20 (Language for Communication and Learning): 128-135, DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.20.lcl.220
6. Asmah Haji Omar. (2015). Teori asas nahu. Dewan dan Pustaka.
7. Audit Bureau Circulation Malaysia. (2013a). Circulation Figures - Paid Newspapers Print Edition Geographical Distribution - Sabah - January 2013 to June 2013. (2013): Audit Bureau Circulation Malaysia.
8. Audit Bureau Circulation Malaysia. (2013b). Circulation Figures - Paid Newspapers Print Edition-Geographical Distribution - Peninsular Malaysia- January 2013 to June 2013. (2013): Audit Circulation Bureau Malaysia.
9. Baker, P. (2004). Querying keywords: Questions of difference, frequency, and sense in keywords analysis. Journal of English Linguistics, 32(4), 346-359. doi: 10.1177/0075424204269894
10. Baker, P. (2006). Using corpora in discourse analysis. Continuum.
11. Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus linguistics: Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge University Press.
12. Caught Sulu commander confirmed as Datu Amir Hushin Kiram. (25 Mac 2013). Borneo Post.
13. Chamil Wariya. (1988). Industri persuratkhabaran dengan tinjauan khusus terhadap Utusan Melayu. Dalam Mohd. Sarim Hj. Mustajab, Nordin Hussin, Rupawan Ahmad, Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud & Hj. Wan Rusik Wan Yusoff (Eds.), Akhbar dan majalah di Malaysia: Sejarah dan perkembangan (255-267). Jabatan Sejarah, UKM.
14. Chen, L. (2007). Analysing attitude: Positive verbal process sub-functions and media bias. RASK, An International Journal of Language and Communication, 25, 25-55.
15. Dahrendorf, R. (1959). Class and class conflict in industrial society. https:// archive.org/stream/classclassconfli00dahr/classclassconfli00dahr_djvu.txt
16. Ermawati. S., Hidayatun Nur & Sumarlam. (2022). Analisis wacana kritis terhadap pemberitaan luhut binsar Pandjaitan VS Haris Azhar dan Fatia Maulidiyanti dalam media daring. Jurnal Sastra Indonesia, 11(1), 19-26.
17. Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
18. Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: A critical study of language. Longman.
19. Fernandez, E. S. (2007). Philippine-Malaysia dispute over Sabah: A bibliographic survey. Asia-Pacific social science review 7(1). http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/ research/journals/apssr/pdf/200712/4Fernandez.pdf
20. Freeborn, D. (1987). A course book in English grammar. Red Globe Press.
21. Haig, E. (2001). A study of the application of critical discourse analysis to ecolinguistics and the teaching of eco-literacy. Studies in Language and Culture, 22(2), 205-226.
22. Halliday, M. A. K. (1979). Modes of meaning and modes of expression: Types of grammatical structure and their determination by different semantic functions. In. D. J. Allerton et al. (Eds), Function and context in linguistic analysis. Cambridge University Press, 57-79.
23. Halliday, M. A. K. (1981). System and function in language (2nd ed.). G. Kress (Ed). Oxford University Press.
24. Halliday, M. A. K. (1985). An introduction to functional grammar. Edward Arnold.
25. Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar, (2nd ed.). Edward Arnold.
26. Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press (Hodder Arnold).
27. Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). An introduction to functional grammar (4th ed.). Routledge.
28. Idris Aman. (2001). Wacana dan kepimpinan: Satu analisis terhadap perutusan Perdana Menteri Mahathir Mohamad [Disertasi kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
29. Kadir Mohamad. (2009). Malaysia’s territorial disputes - Two cases at the ICJ: Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) and Ligitan and Sipadan [and the Sabah claim] Malaysia/Indonesia/ Philippines). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia.
30. Kamila Ghazali. (1999). A critical discourse analysis of the speeches of Dr. Mahathir Mohamad [Disertasi kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
31. Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2005). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
32. Korpus DBP. (2013). http://sbmb.dbp.gov.my/korpusdbp/ SelectUserCat.aspx
33. McEnery, T., & Hardie, A. (2012). Corpus linguistics. Cambridge University Press.
34. McEnery, T., & Wilson, A. (2001). Corpus linguistics: An introduction (2nd ed.). Edinburg University Press.
35. Miller, C. E. (2005). A glossary of terms and concepts in peace and conflict studies M. E. King (Ed.). www.upeace.org/pdf/glossaryv2.pdf
36. Mohd Ariff Othman. (1988). Tuntutan Filipina terhadap Sabah: Implikasi dari segi sejarah, Undang-undang dan politik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
37. Mohd Faizal Musa. (2013). Konflik Malaysia-Kesultanan Sulu: The tertius gaudens dan hak-hak pihak dalam pertikaian. International Journal of the Malay World and civilisation (Iman) 1(2), 19-29. https://www.academia. edu/3988078/Konflik_Malaysia-Kesultanan_Sulu_The_Tertius_Gaudens_ dan_Hak hak_Pihak_dalam_Pertikaian
38. Mohd. Foad Sakdan. (2005). Pengurusan konflik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
39. Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli & Maizatun Mustafa. (2014). Sultan of Sulu's Sabah claim: Reminiscence of a 'long-lost' sovereignty. Journal of Social Science for Policy Implications, 2(1), 185-189. http://jsspi.com/journals/jsspi/ Vol_2_No_1_March_2014/11.pdf
40. Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli & Muhamad Azim Mazlan. (2013). Sultan of Sulu's Sabah claim: A case of 'long-lost' sovereignty? RSIS COMMENTARIES. http://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CO13043.pdf
41. Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud. (2009). Tuntutan Filipina ke atas Borneo Utara. Penerbit UKM.
42. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (1994). Bahasa jual beli dalam perniagaan runcit: Satu analisis semantik dan pragmatik [Disertasi kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
43. Oxford English Dictionary Online. (2018). https://www.lexico.com/definition/ oxford_english_dictionary
44. Penceroboh Lahad Datu didakwa di Mahkamah Tawau. (2013, 21 Mac). The Malaysian Times.
45. Polis sahkan Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram ditahan di Semporna. (2013, 14 Mac). Utusan Malaysia.
46. Pruitt, D. G. (1998). Social conflict. In G. Lindzey, D. Gilbert & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4 ed). McGraw-Hill.
47. Rasinger, S. M. (2010). Lithuanian migrants send crime rocketing: Representation of 'new' migrants in regional printed media. Media, Culture & Society, 32(6), 1021-1030.
48. Reuben, R. C. (2009). The impact of news coverage on conflict: Toward greater understanding. Marquette Law Review, 93(1).
49. Schmidt, S. M., & Kochan, T. A. (1972). Conflict: toward conceptual clarity. administrative science quarterly, 17(3), 359-370. https://www.academia. edu/530631/Conflict_Toward_conceptual_clarity
50. Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-109.
51. Siti Nur Ain Mustafa & Mohamad Saifudin Mohamad Saleh. (2018). Pelaporan Berita pencemaran bauksit dalam akhbar dalam talian di Malaysia. Forum Komunikasi, 13(1), 57-78.
52. Speakman, J., & Ryals, L. (2010). A re-evaluation of conflict theory for the management of multiple, simultaneous conflict episodes. International Journal of Conflict Management, 21(2), 186-201. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/10444061011037404
53. Sperber. D., & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Basil Blackwell.
54. Stubbs, M. (1983). Discourse analysis: The sociolinguistic analysis of natural language. Basil Blackwell.
55. Syahirah Almuddin, Ahmad Arifin Sapar, Surinderpal Kaur & Mohamad Hussin. (2022). Suara pelarian Syria dalam laporan al-Jazeera. Al-Ḍād Journal, 6(1), 173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/aldad.vol.no1.9.
56. Tan, J. S. (1994). Wacana berita sukan dalam akhbar bahasa Melayu: Satu analisis makrostruktur semantik [Disertasi kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
57. Thomas, K. W. (1992). Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13, 265-274.
58. van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse and society, 4, 249-283.
59. van Leeuwen, T. J. (1996). The representation of social actors. In Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard & Malcolm Coulthard (Eds). Texts and practices: Readings in critical discourse analysis. Routledge.
Telah diterbitkan
2023-04-18
Bagaimana untuk memetik sitasi
Mohamed Husin, N., & Haji Omar, A.
(2023).
Analisis Transitiviti Proses Material Ceroboh dalam Laporan Berita Konflik Lahad Datu 2013.
Jurnal Bahasa, 23(1), 91-112.
doi:10.37052/jb23(1)no4
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