Perkembangan bahasa dan perubahan tingkah laku sosial kanak-kanak prasekolah
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap perkembangan bahasa Melayu (BM) kanak-kanak prasekolah dan kesannya terhadap perubahan tingkah laku sosial kanak-kanak prasekolah tersebut. Kajian kes menggunakan reka bentuk gabungan eksplanatori ini dijalankan di sebuah prasekolah Annex di Sarawak. Seramai 48 orang kanak-kanak prasekolah mewakili etnik Melayu, Iban dan Bidayuh dijadikan peserta kajian. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui soal selidik skala kadar guru dan pemerhatian kekerapan. Sebanyak 30 item perkembangan bahasa dibina berdasarkan hasil pembelajaran dalam Kurikulum Prasekolah Kebangsaan. Pemerhatian dilakukan terhadap dua jenis tingkah laku sosial, iaitu tingkah laku prososial (konstruk membantu, berkongsi dan memujuk) dan tingkah laku antisosial (konstruk agresif, disruptif dan menyisih). Kajian mendapati kanak-kanak menunjukkan tahap kekerapan tingkah laku prososial yang lebih tinggi berbanding tingkah laku antisosial. Kajian ini menyokong prinsip-prinsip utama dalam Teori Perkembangan Vygotsky.
Rujukan
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3. Azizah Lebai Nordin, 2002. Pendidikan awal kanak-kanak: Teori dan amali. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Universiti Malaya.
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30. Hamimah Hashim, 2004. "Hubungan antara Proses Kekeluargaan dengan Penyesuaian Tingkah Laku Kanak-kanak Prasekolah". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
31. Hart, D., Burock, D., London, B. dan Atkins, R., 2003. "Prosocial Development, Antisociald, and Moral Development" dlm. Slater, A.M. dan Bremner, G. (ed.), An Introduction to Developmental Psychology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
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37. Johnson, E.W., 2004. Educational Psychology. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
38. Kaiser, A.P., Hancock, T.B., Cai, X., Foster, E.M. dan Hester, P.P., "Parent-report Behavior Problem and Language Delay in Boys and Girls Enrolled in Head Start Classrooms" dlm. Behavioral Disorder 26, hlm. 26 - 41, 2000.
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40. Kamariah Wahab, 2004. "Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Prasekolah. Satu Kajian ke atas Beberapa Prasekolah Islam". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
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2. Anna Christina Abdullah, 2000. "Kesan Program Menyelesaikan Masalah Sosial Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah (PSPP) ke alas Kognisi dan Tingkah Laku Prososial Kanak-kanak". Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
3. Azizah Lebai Nordin, 2002. Pendidikan awal kanak-kanak: Teori dan amali. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Universiti Malaya.
4. Badrulzaman Abd. Hamid, 2001a. "Perkembangan Bahasa dan Intelektual Kanak-kanak" dlm. Dewan Bahasa 1:1, hlm. 61 - 64, 2001.
5. Badrulzaman Abd. Hamid. 2001b. "Perkembangan Bahasa Kanak-kanak Prasekolah" dlm. Dewan Bahasa 1:5, hlm. 59 - 64, 2001.
6. Becker, J. dan Varelas, M., "Piaget's Early Theory of the Role of Language in Intellectual Development: A comment on DeVries's Account of Piaget's Social Theory" dlm. Educational Researcher 30:6, hlm. 22 - 23, 2001.
7. Beitchman, J.H., Wilson, B., Johnson, C.J., Atkinson, L., Young, A. dan Adlaf, E., "Fourteen-year Follow-up of Speech/Language-impaired and Control Children: Psychiatric Outcome" dlm. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40, hlm. 75 - 82, 2001.
8. Berk, L.E., 1992. Children private speech: An overview of theory and status of research. In. Diaz, R.M. and Berk, L.E. (eds.), Private speech: From social interaction to self-regulation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
9. Bluestein, D.L., Phillips, S.D., Jobin-David, K., Finkelberg, S.L., dan Roarke, A.E., 1997. "A Theory-building investigation of the School-to-work Transition" dlm. The Counseling Psychologist 25, hlm. 364 - 402, 1997.
10. Bogdan, R.C. dan Bikien, S.K., 1998. Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
11. Borg, W.R. and Gall, M.D., 1983. Educational Research: An Introduction. New York: Longman.
12. Brewer, J.A., 1995. Introduction to Early Childhood Education: Preschool through Primary Grades. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
13. Brinton, B. and Fujiki, M., 2002. "Social Development in Children with Specific Language Development and Profound Hearing Loss" dlm. Smith, P. K. dan Hart, C. H. (ed.), Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
14. Brinton, B., Fujiki, M. dan Higbee, L., "Participation in Cooperative Learning Activities by Children with Specific Language Impairment" dlm. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, hlm. 1193 - 1206, 1998.
15. Brown, H.D., 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. San Francisco: Longman.
16. Camarata, S. M., Hughes, C. A. dan Ruhl, K. L., "Mild/Moderate Behaviorally Disordered Students: A Population at Risk for Language Disorders" dlm. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 19, hlm. 191 - 200, 1988.
17. Chee Siew Lan, Nor Hashimah Hashim dan Mohd Daud Hamzah, "Tingkah Laku Prososial Berkongsi dan Membantu dalam Kalangan Kanak-Kanak Cina Sebuah Tadika di Seberang Perai" dlm. Digest Pendidikan 3 :1, hlm. 12 - 22, 2003.
18. Chua Yan Piaw, 2006. Kaedah Penyelidikan. Buku 1. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.
19. Creswell, J.W., 2005. Educational Research. New Jersey: Pearson Merill Prentice Hall.
20. Denscombe, M., 1998. The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Project.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
21. Dowling, M., 2005. Young Children's Personal, Social and Emotional Development. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
22. Eisenberg, N. (ed.), 1982. The Development of Prosocial Behavior. New York: Academic Press.
23. Fiorentino, L. and Howe, N., "Language Competence, Narrative Ability and School Readiness in Low-income Preschool Children" dlm. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 36:4, hlm. 280 - 294, 2004.
24. Fujiki, M., Brinton, B. dan Todd, C. M., "Social Skills of Children with Specific Language Impairment" dlm. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 27, hlm. 195 - 202, 1996.
25. Fujiki, M., Brinton, B., Morgan, M. dan Hart, C.H., "Withdrawn and Sociable Behavior of Children with Language Impairment" dlm. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 30:4, hlm. 183 - 195, 1999.
26. Gall, M.D., Gall, J.P. dan Borg, W.R., 2003. Educational Research: An Introduction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
27. Gallanger, C., 1999. Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky. http://www.muskingum.edu/-psych/index.htm, 2 Mei 2006.
28. Genishi, C. and Fassler, R., 1999. "Oral Language in the Early Childhood Classroom: Building on Diverse Foundations" dlm. Seefeldt, C. (ed.), The Early Childhood Curriculum: Current Findings in Theory and Practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
29. Hafiza Sulaiman, 2006. "Pencapaian Kosa Kata Bahasa Inggeris Kanak-kanak Prasekolah". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
30. Hamimah Hashim, 2004. "Hubungan antara Proses Kekeluargaan dengan Penyesuaian Tingkah Laku Kanak-kanak Prasekolah". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
31. Hart, D., Burock, D., London, B. dan Atkins, R., 2003. "Prosocial Development, Antisociald, and Moral Development" dlm. Slater, A.M. dan Bremner, G. (ed.), An Introduction to Developmental Psychology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
32. Hart, K.I., Fujiki, M., Brinton, B. dan Hart, C.H., "The Relationship between Social Behavior and Severity of Language Impairment" dlm. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 47, hlm. 647 - 662, 2004.
33. Hintze, J.M. dan Matthews, W.J., "The Generalisibality of Direct Systematic Observations across Time and Setting: A Preliminary Investigation of the Pychometrics of Behavioral Observation" dlm. School Psychology Preview 33:2, hlm. 258 - 270, 2004.
34. Hornstein, N. dan Lightfoot, D. (ed.), 1981. Explanation in Linguistics: The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition. London: Longman.
35. Jackson, S. L., 2003. Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. Sydney: Wadsworth/Thomson.
36. Jamil Hj. Ahmad, 2002. "Pemupukan Budaya Penyelidikan di Kalangan Guru di Sekolah: Satu Penilaian". Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
37. Johnson, E.W., 2004. Educational Psychology. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
38. Kaiser, A.P., Hancock, T.B., Cai, X., Foster, E.M. dan Hester, P.P., "Parent-report Behavior Problem and Language Delay in Boys and Girls Enrolled in Head Start Classrooms" dlm. Behavioral Disorder 26, hlm. 26 - 41, 2000.
39. Kaiser, A.P., Cai, X., Hancock, T.B. dan Foster, E.M., 2001. Report Behavior Problem with Children Who Attend Head Start. Manuscript submitted for publication. Biennial Society for Research in Child Development, Minnneapolis, MN.
40. Kamariah Wahab, 2004. "Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Prasekolah. Satu Kajian ke atas Beberapa Prasekolah Islam". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
41. Karim Harun, "Pemerolehan Bahasa: Apa Lagi yang Kanak-kanak Dapat" dlm. Dewan Bahasa 1:8, hlm. 59 - 63, 2001.
42. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia, 2003. Huraian Kurikulum Prasekolah Kebangsaan. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
43. Lee, K. dan Walsh, D.J., "Not the United Colors of Beneton: Language, Culture, and Peers" dlm. Journal of Research in Child Education 17:2, hlm. 201 - 216, 2003.
44. Lindsay, G., 1990. "Pre-school Children with Special Needs" dlm. Entwistle, N. (ed.), Handbook of Educational Ideas and Practices. London: Routledge.
45. Maag, J.W., 2004. Behavior Management: From Theoretical Implications to Practical Applications. Belmont, CA: Thomson.
46. Maxim, G.W., 1997. The Very Young. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
47. Mertens, D.M. dan McLaughlin, J.A., 2004. Research and Evaluation Methods in Special Education. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
48. Mohd. Majid Konting, 2005. Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
49. Nakamura, K., "Gender and Language in Japanese Preschool Children" dlm. Research on Language and Sosial Interaction 34:1, hlm. 15 - 43, 2001.
50. Nathesan, "Pemerolehan Perbendaharaan Kata di Kalangan Murid Tahun Empat: Satu Tinjauan" dlm. Jurnal Dewan Bahasa 44:1, hlm. 28 - 37, 2000.
51. Nelavathi a/p Suppiah, 2004. "Penglibatan Ibu Bapa dalam Pendidikan Prasekolah. Tinjauan Amalan di Tadika Agensi Kerajaan Daerah Seremban Barat". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
52. Nor Anum Mohd. Rathi, 2003. "An Investigation of the Relationship between Personality and Student's Language Learning Strategies: A Case Study". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
53. Noor Azmira Mohamed, 2001. "Pemerolehan dan Penguasaan Bahasa di Kalangan Kanak-kanak". Tesis Sarjana. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
54. Noraizam Brahim, 1998. "Faktor Pemilihan dan Pola Persahabatan Kanak-kanak Prasekolah". Kertas Projek Sarjana Pendidikan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
55. Ostrov, J.M., Gentile, G.A. dan Crick, N.R., 2005. Media Exposure, Aggression and Prosocial Behavior during Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study. NIMF, Minneapolis: t.pt.
56. Patricia, S.H., 2001. "The Relationship between Receptive Language Skills and School Readiness". Master Thesis. Marshall University, Virginia. Digital Dissertations, UMI ProQuest.
57. Perry, B.D., "Preschool Education, Language Acquisition, Speaking, Child Development" dlm. Scholastic Early Childhood Today 17:5, hlm. 18, 2003.
58. Puteri Roslina Abdul Wahid, "Peluasan Hipotesis Skinner dalam Kajian Pemerolehan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai Bahasa Kedua oleh Kanak-kanak Prasekolah" dlm. Jurnal Dewan Bahasa 43:12, hlm. 1108 - 1122, 1999.
59. Qi, C.H. dan Kaiser, A.P., "Problem Behaviors of Low Income Children with Language Delays: An Observation Study" dlm. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing 47, hlm. 595 - 610, 2004.
60. Rohani Abdullah, 2001. Perkembangan Kanak-kanak: Penilaian secara Portfolio. Serdang: Penerbitan Universiti Putra Malaysia.
61. Rohani Abdullah dan Nani Menon, 2003. "Bahasa, Kemahiran Berkomunikasi dan Literasi Awal" dlm. Rohani Abdullah, Nani Menon dan Mohd Shahrani Ahmad (ed.), Panduan Kurikulum Prasekolah. Bentong, Pahang: PTS Publications and Distributors Sdn Bhd.
62. Rohaty Mohd. Mazjub dan Abu Bakar Nordin, 1989. Pendidikan Prasekolah. Petaling Jaya: Fajar Bakti.
63. Roselan Baki, "Interaksi Lisan: Alat Penguasaan Kemahiran Berbahasa yang Terabai. Dewan Bahasa 44:2, hlm. 157 - 187, 2000.
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Telah diterbitkan
2008-06-02
Bagaimana untuk memetik sitasi
Mahamod, Z., & Awang Wahap, A.
(2008).
Perkembangan bahasa dan perubahan tingkah laku sosial kanak-kanak prasekolah.
Jurnal Bahasa, 8(1), 160-203.
Dicapai daripada https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8570/4076
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