Reka bentuk fakulti bahasa penutur dwibahasa: bukti daripada pengalihan kod intraayat
Abstrak
Dalam makalah ini, penulis menangani persoalan tentang bagaimana minda dapat mewakili dua bahasa secara dwibahasa dengan serentak. Sesetengah teori linguistik tentang pengalihan kod intraayat dikaji semula, dengan memberikan tumpuan pada pendekatan MacSwan (1999b); penulis membuat kesimpulan bahawa bukti yang diperoleh daripada pengalihan kod menunjukkan bahawa penutur dwibahasa mempunyai leksikon yang berbeza dan diskret bagi bahasa yang dituturkan oleh mereka, setiap satu dengan prinsip dalamannya tentang pembentukan kata, dan juga sistem fonologi yang berasingan. Waiau bagaimanapun, penulis berhujah bahawa sumber pengiraan yang umum bagi kedua-dua bahasa menjadikan terbitan sintaksis penutur ekabahasa dan penutur dwibahasa dengan cara yang sama. Kebaikan Program Minimalis bagi analisis data pengalihan kod dibincangkan dengan agak panjang lebar.
Rujukan
1. Abney, J.P. 1987. "The English Noun Phrase in its Sentential Aspect". Disertasi Ph.D. MIT.
2. Azuma, S. 1991. "Processing and Intrasentential Code-Switching". Disertasi Ph.D. Univesity of Texas, Austin.
3. Azuma, S. 1993. "The Frame-content Hypothesis in Speech Production: Evidence from lntrasentential Code Switching". dlm. Linguistics, 31 , 1071-1093.
4. Baker, M.C. 1988. Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5. Belazi, H.M., Rubin, E.J., dan Toribio, A.J. 1994. "Code Switching and X-Bar Theory: The Functional Head Constraint" dlm. Linguistic Inquiry, 25(2), 221-127.
6. Bley-Vroman, R. 1989. "The Logical Problem of Second Language Leaming" dlm. S. Gass dan J. Schachter (ed.), Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition, hlm. 41-68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Borer, H. 1984. Parametric Syntax: Case Studies in Semitic and Romance Languages. Dordrecht: Foris.
8. Bromberger, S. dan Halle, M. 1989. "Why Phonology is Different" dlm. Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 35-67. Dicetak semula dlm. A. Kasher (ed.)", 1991. The Chomskyan Turn, hlm. 56-77. Cambridge: Blackwell.
9. Chomsky, N. 1991. Lectures on Government and Binding. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
10. Chomsky, N. 1991. "Linguistics and Cognitive Science: Problems and Mysteries" dlm .. A. Kasher (ed.), The Chomskyan Turn, hlm. 26-54. Cambridge: Blackwell.
11. Chomsky, N. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge: MIT Press.
12. Clahsen, H., dan Muysken, P. 1986. "The Availability of Universal Grammar to Adult and Child Learners: A Study of the Acquisition of German Word Order" dlm. Second Language Research, 2, 93-119.
13. Cook, V. 1992. "Evidence for Multicompetence" dlm. Language Learning, 42, 557-591.
14. Costa, A., Miozzo, M., dan Caramazza, A. 1999. "Do Words in the Bilingual's Two Lexicons Compete for Selection"? Journal of Memory and Language, 41(3), 365-397.
15. de Bot, K. 1992. "A Bilingual Production Model: Levelt's 'Speaking' Model Adapted" dlm. Applied Linguistics, 13(1).
16. Di Sciullo, A. "M., Muysken, P., dan Singh, R. 1986". Government and Code-Switching dlm. Journal of Linguistics, 22, 1-24.
17. Dulay, H., dan Burt, M. 1974. "A New Perspective on the Creative Construction Processes in Child Second Language Acquisition" dlm. Language Learning, 24. 253-258.
18. Everett, D. 1996. Why There are no Clitics: An Alternative Perspective on Pronominal Allomorphy. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington.
19. Fromkin, V.A. 1971. 'The Non-Anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances" dlm. Language,47,27-52.
20. Garrett, M. 1975. "The Analysis of Sentence Production" dlm. G. Bower (ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation, hlm. 133-177. Jilid 9. New York: Academic Press.
21. Halmari, H. 1997. Government and Code Switching: Explaining American Finnish. New York: John Benjamins.
22. Jaeggli, O. dan Hyams, N. 1993. "On the Independence and Interdependence of Syntactic and Morphological Properties: English Aspectual Come and Go" dlm. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 11, 313-346.
23. Joshi, A. 1985. "Processing of Sentences with Intrasentential Code Switching" dlm. D.R. Dowty, L. Kattunen, dan A.M. Zwicky (ed.), Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational and Theoretical Perspectives, hlm. 190-205. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Kager, R. 1999. Optimality Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Kayne, R.S. 1989. Notes on English Agreement. CIEFL (Central Institute of English as a Foreign Language, Hyderabad) Buletin 1, 41-67.
26. Kayne, R.S. 1975. French Syntax: The Transformational Cycle. Cambridge: MIT Press.
27. Kayne, R.S. 1995. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
28. Keenan, E.L., dan Stabler, E.P., Jr. 1994. 'There is more than one Language" Dlm. Proceedings of Languages et Grammaire-1, Universite Paris-8.
29. Krashen, S. 1981. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
30. Krisner, K. 1986. "Lexical Function: Is a Bilingual Account Necessary"? Dlm. J. Vaid (ed.) Language Processing in Bilinguals: Psycholinguistic and Neruophysiological Perspectives, hlm. 21-45. Hillsdale, NY: Lawrence Earlbaum.
31. Levelt, W.J.M. 1989. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
32. Li, Y. 1990. "On V-V Compounds in Chinese" dim. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 8, 177-207.
33. MacSwan, J. 1997. "A Minimalist Approach to Intrasentential Code Switching: Spanish-Nahuatl Bilingualism in Central Mexico", disertasi Ph.D., UCLA. Versi Elektronik diperoleh melalui http://www.public.asu.edu/-macswan/diss.html.
34. MacSwan, J. 1999a. "The Argument Status ofNPs in Southeast Puebla Nahualt: 110 Comments on the Polysynthesis Parameter" dim. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 17(2), 101-114. Elektronik Versi diperoleh melalui http://www.public.asu.edu/-macswan/diss.html.
35. MacSwan, J. 1999b. A Minimalist Approach to lntrasentential Code Switching. New York: Garland Press.
36. Mahootiari, S. 1993. A Null Theory of Code switching. Disertasi Ph.D, Northwestern University.
37. Mahootian, S., dan Santorini, B. 1996. Codeswitching and the Complement/ Adjunct
Distinction: A Reply to Belazi, Rubin and Toribio. Linguistic Inquiry, 27(3), 464-479.
38. Myers-Scotton, C. 1993. Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Code switching, hlm. 233-256. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
39. Myers-Scotton, C. 1995. "A Lexically Based Model of Codeswitching" dlm. L. Milory dan P. Muysken (ed., 1995). One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross Disciplinary Perspectives on Code-Switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. Myers Scotton, C. 1997. Code-switching. Dlm. F. Coulmas (ed.}, The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, hlm. 217-237. Oxford: Blackwell.
41. Nishimura, M. 1997. Japanese/English Code-Switching: Syntax and Pragmatics. New York: Peter Lang.
42. Pandit, I. 1990. "Grammaticality in Code Switching". Dlm. R. Jacobson (ed.) Code switching as a Worldwide Phenomenon, hlm. 33-39. New York: Peter Lang.
43. Pollock, J-Y. 1994. "Checking Theory and Bare Verbs" dlm. G. Cinque, J. Koster, J-Y, Pollock, L. Rizzi, dan R. Zanuttini (ed.), Paths Towards Universal Grammar: Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
44. Poplack, S. 1980. "Sometimes I'll Start a Sentence in Spanish y tennino en Espanol": Toward a Typology of Code-Switching" dlm. Linguistics, 18, 581-618.
45. Poplack, S. 1981. "The Syntactic Structure and Social Function of Code-Switching" dlm. R. Duran (ed.), Latino Language and Communicative Behavior, hlm. 169-184. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex.
46. Razzi, L. 1982. Issues in Italian Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris.
47. Rubin, E. dan Toribio, A. 1995. "Feature-checking and the Syntax of Language Contact" dlm. J. Amastae, G. Goodall, M. Montalbetti, dan M. Phinney (ed.), Contemporary Research in Romance Linguistics. Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.
48. Santorini, B., dan Mahootian, S. 1995. "Codes witching and the Syntactic Status of Adnominal Adjectives" dlm. Lingua, 96, 1-27.
49. Schachter, J. 1988. "Second Language Acquisition and its Relationship to Universal Grammar" dlm. Applied Linguistics, 9, 219-235.
50. Shutze, C.T. 1996. The Empirical Base of Linguistics: Grammaticality Judgments and Linguistic Methodology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Shutze, C.T. 1997. "Infl in Child and Adult Language: Agreement, Case and Licensing". Disertasi Ph.D. MIT.
52. Skinner, B.F. 1957. Verbal Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
53. Sportiche, D. 1995. "Sketch of a Reductionist Approach to Syntactic Variation and Dependencies", dlm. H. Campos dan P. Kempchinsky (eds.), Evolution and Revolution in Linguistic Theory: Essays in Honor of Carlos Otero. Washington, DC: Georgetown Univ. Press.
54. Stabler, E.P., Jr. 1994. "The Finite Connectivity of Linguistic Structure" dlm. C. Clifton, L. Frazier, dan K. Rayner (ed.), Perspectives on Sentence Processing, hlm. 303-336. New York: Erlbaum
55. Stowell, T. 1981. "Origins of Phrase Structure". Disertasi Ph.D, MIT.
56. Timm, L.A. 1975. "Spanish-English Code-Switching: El Porque and How-not-to" dlm Romance Philology, 28, 473-482.
57. Toribio, A. dan Rubin, E. 1996. "Code-Switching in Generative Grammar" dlm. A. Roca dan J. Jensen (ed.), Spanish in Contact: Issues in Bilingualism, hlm. 203-226. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
58. White, L. 1989. Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
59. Woolford, E. 1983. "Bilingual Code-Switching and Syntactic Theory" dlm. Linguistic Inquiry, 14, 520-536.
60. Zagona, K. 1988. Verb Phrase Syntax: A Parametric Study of English and Spanish. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2. Azuma, S. 1991. "Processing and Intrasentential Code-Switching". Disertasi Ph.D. Univesity of Texas, Austin.
3. Azuma, S. 1993. "The Frame-content Hypothesis in Speech Production: Evidence from lntrasentential Code Switching". dlm. Linguistics, 31 , 1071-1093.
4. Baker, M.C. 1988. Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5. Belazi, H.M., Rubin, E.J., dan Toribio, A.J. 1994. "Code Switching and X-Bar Theory: The Functional Head Constraint" dlm. Linguistic Inquiry, 25(2), 221-127.
6. Bley-Vroman, R. 1989. "The Logical Problem of Second Language Leaming" dlm. S. Gass dan J. Schachter (ed.), Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition, hlm. 41-68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Borer, H. 1984. Parametric Syntax: Case Studies in Semitic and Romance Languages. Dordrecht: Foris.
8. Bromberger, S. dan Halle, M. 1989. "Why Phonology is Different" dlm. Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 35-67. Dicetak semula dlm. A. Kasher (ed.)", 1991. The Chomskyan Turn, hlm. 56-77. Cambridge: Blackwell.
9. Chomsky, N. 1991. Lectures on Government and Binding. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
10. Chomsky, N. 1991. "Linguistics and Cognitive Science: Problems and Mysteries" dlm .. A. Kasher (ed.), The Chomskyan Turn, hlm. 26-54. Cambridge: Blackwell.
11. Chomsky, N. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge: MIT Press.
12. Clahsen, H., dan Muysken, P. 1986. "The Availability of Universal Grammar to Adult and Child Learners: A Study of the Acquisition of German Word Order" dlm. Second Language Research, 2, 93-119.
13. Cook, V. 1992. "Evidence for Multicompetence" dlm. Language Learning, 42, 557-591.
14. Costa, A., Miozzo, M., dan Caramazza, A. 1999. "Do Words in the Bilingual's Two Lexicons Compete for Selection"? Journal of Memory and Language, 41(3), 365-397.
15. de Bot, K. 1992. "A Bilingual Production Model: Levelt's 'Speaking' Model Adapted" dlm. Applied Linguistics, 13(1).
16. Di Sciullo, A. "M., Muysken, P., dan Singh, R. 1986". Government and Code-Switching dlm. Journal of Linguistics, 22, 1-24.
17. Dulay, H., dan Burt, M. 1974. "A New Perspective on the Creative Construction Processes in Child Second Language Acquisition" dlm. Language Learning, 24. 253-258.
18. Everett, D. 1996. Why There are no Clitics: An Alternative Perspective on Pronominal Allomorphy. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington.
19. Fromkin, V.A. 1971. 'The Non-Anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances" dlm. Language,47,27-52.
20. Garrett, M. 1975. "The Analysis of Sentence Production" dlm. G. Bower (ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation, hlm. 133-177. Jilid 9. New York: Academic Press.
21. Halmari, H. 1997. Government and Code Switching: Explaining American Finnish. New York: John Benjamins.
22. Jaeggli, O. dan Hyams, N. 1993. "On the Independence and Interdependence of Syntactic and Morphological Properties: English Aspectual Come and Go" dlm. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 11, 313-346.
23. Joshi, A. 1985. "Processing of Sentences with Intrasentential Code Switching" dlm. D.R. Dowty, L. Kattunen, dan A.M. Zwicky (ed.), Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational and Theoretical Perspectives, hlm. 190-205. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Kager, R. 1999. Optimality Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Kayne, R.S. 1989. Notes on English Agreement. CIEFL (Central Institute of English as a Foreign Language, Hyderabad) Buletin 1, 41-67.
26. Kayne, R.S. 1975. French Syntax: The Transformational Cycle. Cambridge: MIT Press.
27. Kayne, R.S. 1995. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
28. Keenan, E.L., dan Stabler, E.P., Jr. 1994. 'There is more than one Language" Dlm. Proceedings of Languages et Grammaire-1, Universite Paris-8.
29. Krashen, S. 1981. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
30. Krisner, K. 1986. "Lexical Function: Is a Bilingual Account Necessary"? Dlm. J. Vaid (ed.) Language Processing in Bilinguals: Psycholinguistic and Neruophysiological Perspectives, hlm. 21-45. Hillsdale, NY: Lawrence Earlbaum.
31. Levelt, W.J.M. 1989. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
32. Li, Y. 1990. "On V-V Compounds in Chinese" dim. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 8, 177-207.
33. MacSwan, J. 1997. "A Minimalist Approach to Intrasentential Code Switching: Spanish-Nahuatl Bilingualism in Central Mexico", disertasi Ph.D., UCLA. Versi Elektronik diperoleh melalui http://www.public.asu.edu/-macswan/diss.html.
34. MacSwan, J. 1999a. "The Argument Status ofNPs in Southeast Puebla Nahualt: 110 Comments on the Polysynthesis Parameter" dim. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 17(2), 101-114. Elektronik Versi diperoleh melalui http://www.public.asu.edu/-macswan/diss.html.
35. MacSwan, J. 1999b. A Minimalist Approach to lntrasentential Code Switching. New York: Garland Press.
36. Mahootiari, S. 1993. A Null Theory of Code switching. Disertasi Ph.D, Northwestern University.
37. Mahootian, S., dan Santorini, B. 1996. Codeswitching and the Complement/ Adjunct
Distinction: A Reply to Belazi, Rubin and Toribio. Linguistic Inquiry, 27(3), 464-479.
38. Myers-Scotton, C. 1993. Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Code switching, hlm. 233-256. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
39. Myers-Scotton, C. 1995. "A Lexically Based Model of Codeswitching" dlm. L. Milory dan P. Muysken (ed., 1995). One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross Disciplinary Perspectives on Code-Switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. Myers Scotton, C. 1997. Code-switching. Dlm. F. Coulmas (ed.}, The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, hlm. 217-237. Oxford: Blackwell.
41. Nishimura, M. 1997. Japanese/English Code-Switching: Syntax and Pragmatics. New York: Peter Lang.
42. Pandit, I. 1990. "Grammaticality in Code Switching". Dlm. R. Jacobson (ed.) Code switching as a Worldwide Phenomenon, hlm. 33-39. New York: Peter Lang.
43. Pollock, J-Y. 1994. "Checking Theory and Bare Verbs" dlm. G. Cinque, J. Koster, J-Y, Pollock, L. Rizzi, dan R. Zanuttini (ed.), Paths Towards Universal Grammar: Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
44. Poplack, S. 1980. "Sometimes I'll Start a Sentence in Spanish y tennino en Espanol": Toward a Typology of Code-Switching" dlm. Linguistics, 18, 581-618.
45. Poplack, S. 1981. "The Syntactic Structure and Social Function of Code-Switching" dlm. R. Duran (ed.), Latino Language and Communicative Behavior, hlm. 169-184. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex.
46. Razzi, L. 1982. Issues in Italian Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris.
47. Rubin, E. dan Toribio, A. 1995. "Feature-checking and the Syntax of Language Contact" dlm. J. Amastae, G. Goodall, M. Montalbetti, dan M. Phinney (ed.), Contemporary Research in Romance Linguistics. Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.
48. Santorini, B., dan Mahootian, S. 1995. "Codes witching and the Syntactic Status of Adnominal Adjectives" dlm. Lingua, 96, 1-27.
49. Schachter, J. 1988. "Second Language Acquisition and its Relationship to Universal Grammar" dlm. Applied Linguistics, 9, 219-235.
50. Shutze, C.T. 1996. The Empirical Base of Linguistics: Grammaticality Judgments and Linguistic Methodology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Shutze, C.T. 1997. "Infl in Child and Adult Language: Agreement, Case and Licensing". Disertasi Ph.D. MIT.
52. Skinner, B.F. 1957. Verbal Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
53. Sportiche, D. 1995. "Sketch of a Reductionist Approach to Syntactic Variation and Dependencies", dlm. H. Campos dan P. Kempchinsky (eds.), Evolution and Revolution in Linguistic Theory: Essays in Honor of Carlos Otero. Washington, DC: Georgetown Univ. Press.
54. Stabler, E.P., Jr. 1994. "The Finite Connectivity of Linguistic Structure" dlm. C. Clifton, L. Frazier, dan K. Rayner (ed.), Perspectives on Sentence Processing, hlm. 303-336. New York: Erlbaum
55. Stowell, T. 1981. "Origins of Phrase Structure". Disertasi Ph.D, MIT.
56. Timm, L.A. 1975. "Spanish-English Code-Switching: El Porque and How-not-to" dlm Romance Philology, 28, 473-482.
57. Toribio, A. dan Rubin, E. 1996. "Code-Switching in Generative Grammar" dlm. A. Roca dan J. Jensen (ed.), Spanish in Contact: Issues in Bilingualism, hlm. 203-226. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
58. White, L. 1989. Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
59. Woolford, E. 1983. "Bilingual Code-Switching and Syntactic Theory" dlm. Linguistic Inquiry, 14, 520-536.
60. Zagona, K. 1988. Verb Phrase Syntax: A Parametric Study of English and Spanish. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Telah diterbitkan
2002-03-04
Bagaimana untuk memetik sitasi
MacSwan, J.
(2002).
Reka bentuk fakulti bahasa penutur dwibahasa: bukti daripada pengalihan kod intraayat.
Jurnal Bahasa, 2(1), 68-112.
Dicapai daripada https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8656/4160
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