A New Hybrid Model by Stover (2010): A Modular Mechanism of Metaphor Interpretation
Abstract
The development of metaphor studies has shown that various aspects have been explored, including research on metaphor interpretation procedures that focus on methods used by researchers to uncover implied meanings. Therefore, various metaphor interpretation procedures have emerged, proposed by scholars with their own characteristics and methods. This paper highlights the framework of the New Hybrid Model by Stover (2010) to be used as a mechanism for interpreting metaphors because the construction of this model is characterized by inclusivity, incorporating cognitive linguistic and pragmatic approaches. However, the strength of the New Hybrid Model has been overlooked by researchers because studies applying this theory are still relatively few compared to other meaning interpretation procedures. Moreover, although there are studies that apply the New Hybrid Model to analyse metaphorical data in their research, the process of interpreting metaphorical meanings is seen to be inconsistent with the ideas proposed by Stover (2010). Recognizing this discrepancy, this paper is responsible for discussing metaphor interpretation procedures based on the New Hybrid Model, focusing on the operation of the Triple Processing Model to prove the credibility of this theory. To illustrate its operation, fire metaphor data generated from the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Corpus are utilized as study materials. Discussion of the New Hybrid Model is significant because correct and systematic procedures can assist researchers in processing implied meanings more accurately and clearly. This paper is hoped to serve as a guide for future researchers in interpreting metaphors as various inputs that manifest the excellence of Malay thinking can be empirically highlighted.
Keywords: cognitive, fire metaphor, New Hybrid Model, Malay thoughts, interpretation procedure, Hanna Stover
Full text: PDF
References
2. Aristotle. (1992). The art of rhetoric. Harper Press.
3. Asmah Haji Omar. (2021). Bahasa dan alam pemikiran Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
4. Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 22, 577-660.
5. Biennale, M. (2019). Sungai. https://www.facebook.com/makassarbiennale/videos/sungai-sebagai-penghubung-antara-hulu-dan-hilir-sekaligus-menunjukkan-komitmen-m/2453717004850402/
6. Carston, R. (2002). Thoughts and utterances: The pragmatics of explicit communication. Blackwell Publishing.
7. Eisner, E. W. (1991). The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice. Macmillan.
8. Gibbs, R. W. (1999). Taking metaphor out of heads and putting it into the cultural world. Dlm. R. W. Gibbs, & G. J. Steen (Eds.), Metaphor in cognitive linguistics (146-166). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175.09gib
9. Hashim Awang. (1998). Budaya & kebudayaan: Teori, isu dan persoalan. Citra Budaya.
10. Hasmidar Hassan. (2006). Kata hubung DAN dan TETAPI: Satu analisis perbandingan nahu dan pragmatik [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
11. Hasmidar Hassan. (2023). Kajian linguistik bahasa Melayu bersumberkan korpus. Kekuatan dan kelemahannya. Jurnal Pendeta, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.37134/pendeta.vol14.1.fa.2.2023, https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/PENDETA/article/view/8082
12. Hassan Ahmad. (2003). Metafora Melayu: Bagaimana pemikir Melayu mencipta makna dan epistemologinya. Akademi Kajian Ketamadunan.
13. Hassan Ahmad. (2016). Bahasa dan pemikiran Melayu (pesanan terakhir pejuang bahasa). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
14. Hishamudin Isam & Norsimah Mat Awal. (2009). Manifestasi nilai setia berdasarkan Teori Hibrid. Jurnal Bahasa, 9(1), 19-39. https://jurnalbahasa.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/jurnal-bahasa-jilid-9-bil-1-jun-2009/
15. Hishamudin Isam. (2012). Manifestasi leksis setia dari perspektif linguistik kognitif [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
16. Imran Ho-Abdullah & Norsimah Mat Awal. (2005). Pengkonsepsian dan pemetaforaan ‘hati’. Jurnal Bahasa, 5(4), 1-36.
17. Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination and reason. The University of Chicago Press.
18. Kamus dewan edisi keempat. (2005). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
19. Kempson, R. M. (1977). Semantic theory. Cambridge University Press.
20. Kesedaran bahaya kebakaran: Pembelajaran kadet bomba dan penyelamat. (2021). Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. https://www.bomba.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/BAB_4_KESEDARAN_BAHAYA_KEBAKARAN.pdf
21. Korpus DBP. (2002). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. https://sbmp.dbp.gov.my/korpusdbp/
22. Kovecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford University Press.
23. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphor we live by. University of Chicago Press.
24. Levinson, S. C. (1985). Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.
25. Minikeeva, A. A., Sadykova, A. G., & Med, N. G. (2020). Cognitive linguistic approach to the integrated theory of metaphor. Jurnal Artículos, 25(7), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009702
26. Mohammad Haris Abd Azis. (2021, 2 April). Seni dan budaya tradisi perlu anjakan paradigma. https://bernama.com/bm/tintaminda/news.php?id=1947937
27. Muhamad Fadzllah Zaini. (2016). Metafora adat dalam pantun Melayu. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhamad-Zaini/publication/302583501_Metafora_ADAT_Dalam_Pantun_Melayu_Analisis_Teori_Hibrid/links/573194eb08ae6cca19a27794/Metafora-ADAT-Dalam-Pantun-Melayu-Analisis-Teori-Hibrid.pdf
28. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2004). Masa dan masyarakat Melayu: Peradaban berterusan. Jurnal Dewan Bahasa, 4(2). https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8553
29. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2014). Semantik dan akal budi Melayu. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
30. Noor Nazirah Jaafar. (2016) Metafora dalam kartun editorial Senyum Kambing: Analisis Teori Hibrid [Projek ilmiah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Teknologi MARA.
31. Nur Faizzah Mohd Zalkanil. (2016). Metafora hati dalam korpus tradisional dan korpus kontemporari: Satu analisis Teori Hibrid [Projek ilmiah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Teknologi MARA.
32. Rozaimah Rashidin & Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2013). Metafora kasih dalam teks Melayu tradisional: Analisis Teori Hibrid. Jurnal Linguistik, 17(1). https://plm.org.my/ejurnal/index.php/jurnallinguistik/article/view/89
33. Rozaimah Rashidin & Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2014). Metaphor of amok in traditional Malay text corpora: An analysis using the Hybrid Theory. International Conference on Knowledge-Innovation-Excellence: Synergy Language Research and Practice.
34. Rozaimah Rashidin, Nor Umiumairah Mohamad & Zuraidah Jantan. (2023). Metafora akal, kehidupan dan fikiran dalam buku Falsafah Hidup karya Hamka. Jurnal Bahasa, 23(1), 113-146. https://doi.org/10.37052/jb23(1)no5.
35. Rozaimah Rashidin. (2016). Metafora emosi dalam data korpus teks tradisional Melayu: Analisis Teori Hibrid [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
36. Soenjono, D. (2007). Psikolinguistik: Memahami asas pemerolehan bahasa. PTS Profesional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.
37. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1986). Inference and implicature. Dlm. T. Charles (Ed.),
Meaning and interpretation (245-256). Basil Blackwell.
38. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognitive (edisi ke-2). Wiley-Blackwell.
39. Stefanowitsch, A. (2006). Corpus-based approaches to metaphor and metonymy. Dlm. A. Stefanowitsch & S. T. Gries (Eds.), Corpus-based approaches to metaphor and Metonymy (1-16). Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110199895
40. Stover, H. (2010). Metaphor and Relevance Theory: A New Hybrid Model [Tesis doktor falsafah yang diterbitkan, University of Bedfordshire]. University of Bedfordshire Repository.
41. Tenas Effendy. (2008). Kearifan orang Melayu berbahasa. Syarahan Raja Ali Haji. Persatuan Linguistik Malaysia.
42. Tendahl, M. (2008). A Hybrid Theory of metaphors: Relevance Theory and cognitive linguistic [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti of Dortmund.
43. Tendahl, M. (2009). A Hybrid Theory of metaphors: Relevance theory and cognitive linguistics. Palgrave Macmillan.
44. Tendahl, M., & Gibbs, R. W. (2008). Complementary perspectives on metaphor:
Cognitive linguistics and Relevance Theory. Journal of Pragmatics, 40(11), 1823-1864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.02.001
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A notification will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.
