The Operational Metaphor of Diligence Value in Malay and Tamil Proverbs: A Hybrid Theory Analysis
Abstract
Proverbs serve to convey a message implicitly as a way to reprimand or praise a person's behaviour without offending his/her feelings based on the context of the situation and culture. Moral values are able to form a noble mind and a good personality. This paper highlights the operational metaphors in Malay and Tamil proverbs based on the diligence value through the conceptual space of Hybrid Theory proposed by Tendahl (2009). This conceptual space consists of lexical concept, ad hoc concept as well as empty slots that include domain, image schema, conceptual metaphors and conceptual metonyms. This is a qualitative study that involves content analysis. Detailed focus is given to one Malay proverb data and one Tamil proverb data that is used at the primary school level only. The analysis of the study found that the conceptualisation of diligence in Malay and Tamil proverbs emphasizes on effort and perseverance. The life practices of the Malay
and Indian communities clearly show similarities and differences in terms of cultural values and philosophy of proverbs. The application of Hybrid Theory exhibits a new trend in dismantling the common sense of traditional societies comprehensively and explaining lexical pragmatics.
Keywords: Diligence value, conceptual space, Hybrid Theory, Malay proverbs, Tamil proverbs, common sense
Full text: PDF
References
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3. Asad Mohamed & Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2018). Abstraksi objek konkrit dalam peribahasa Melayu: Analisis semantik inkuisitif. Jurnal Bahasa, 18(2), 197-218.
4. Azim Yuldashev. (2018). Peribahasa metafora haiwan dalam budaya Melayu dan Uzbek [Disertasi Kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
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7. Budi Samadi. (2004). Budidaya lebah madu. Penerbit Aneka Ilmu.
8. Carston, R. (2002). Thoughts and utterances: The pragmatics of explicit communication. Blackwell Publishing.
9. Doni Putra. (2020). Konsep nilai pendidikan karakter perspektif tadabbur al-Quran (Analisis tafsir ayat-ayat fauna) [Disertasi Kedoktoran yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/id/eprint/30753
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11. Dunstan, P. (2006). Open up and discover your baby's language. Diperoleh daripada Babytaal.nl: http://www.babytaal.nl/media/PDF/ ComprehensiveBooklet(2).pdf.
12. Febri Sugianto. (2019, 21 November). Manfaat madu dalam Islam dan kehidupan Nabi Muhammad. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20191121083203-284-450195/manfaat-madu-dalam-islam-dan-kehidupan-nabi-muhammad
13. Filipczuk-Rosinska, S. (2016). The comparison of a human being is a plant metaphor between the English and Polish language. World Journal of Social Science, 3(1), 15-21.
14. Gibbs, R. W., & Steen, G. J. (1997). Metaphor in cognitive linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
15. Hirotani, M., & Fujii, K. (2019). Learning proverbs through telecollaboration with Japanese native speakers: Facilitating L2 learners' intercultural communicative competence. Asian Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 4(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-019- 0067-5
16. Javed Ismail & Karthi Nallasamy. (2017). Crying infant. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 84(10), 777-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2424-z
17. Jeffrey Devathanjam Sellvaraj & Manonmani Devi Annamalai. (2019). Rumpai dalam peribahasa Tamil: Perspektif sains pertanian. Muallim Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 3(3), 362-370. https://doi.org/10.33306/mjssh27
18. Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination and reason. University of Chicago Press.
19. Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2015). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
20. Korpus DBP. (2002). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. http://sbmb.dbp.gov.my/ korpusdbp/Search2.aspx
21. Kovecses, Z. (2000). Metaphor and emotion: Language, culture and body in human feeling. Cambridge University Press. Kovecses, Z., & Szabo, P. (1996). Idioms: A view from cognitive semantics. Applied Linguistics, 17(3), 326-55.
22. Kulkova, E. S., & Fischer, M. H. (2019). Idioms in the world: A focus on processing. Front. Psychol. 10, 1155 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01155.
23. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
24. Langacker, R. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar. Standford University Press.
25. Lelya Hilda. (2016). Rahasia heksagonal pada sarang lebah madu (Pandangan sains dan Islam). Darul 'Ilmi: Jurnal Ilmu Kependidikan dan Keislaman, 4(1), 76-87.
26. Mathur, N. B., & Dhulika Dhingra. (2014). Breastfeeding. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 81(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1153-1
27. Mohd Anuar Ramli & Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin. (2016). Budaya makanan dan pemakanan halal dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu menurut perspektif Islam. Dalam M.Z.M. Yusoff, K. Ahmad & M.A. Razzak (Eds.), Penyelidikan tentang makanan: Perspektif nabawi dan saintifik, 195-206. Universiti Malaya.
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29. Muhammad Zaid Daud & Mary Fatimah Subet. (2019). Ayam (Gallus gallus domesticus) dalam peribahasa Melayu: Analisis semantik inkuisitif. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 17(1), 36-42.
30. Muhammad Zaid Daud & Mary Fatimah Subet. (2021). Ayam sebagai rujukan makna inkuisitif berhati-hati, sia-sia dan khianat dalam peribahasa Melayu. Kajian Malaysia, 40(1), 179-213. https://doi.org/10.21315/km2022.40.1.9
31. Muhammad Zaid Daud, Nurul Aida Abdullah & Mary Fatimah Subet. (2021). Refleksi sisi negatif burung gagak dalam peribahasa Melayu: Analisis semantik inkuisitif. Issues in Language Studies, 10(2), 24-44. https://doi. org/10.33736/ils.2764.2021
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33. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Anida Sarudin & Zaharani Ahmad. (2012). Peluasan makna alim: Analisis semantik kognitif. GEMA OnlineTM Journal of Language Studies, 12(2), 457-473.
34. Nurul Aini. (2012). Strategi pemasaran kerajinan lilin sarang madu lebah di Desa Gunung Sahilan Kecamatan Gunung Sahilan Kabupaten Kampar menurut perspektif ekonomi Islam [Tesis sarjana muda, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia]. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Repository. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/id/eprint/9448
35. Pecenek, D. (2018). Turkish heritage speakers' comprehension of Turkish proverbs: The role of familiarity. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing, 21(3), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571X.2017.1410922
36. Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum. (2000). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral: Kurikulum bersepadu sekolah rendah. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
37. Putu Elmira. (2019, 26 Jun). Enam fakta unik air mata yang wajib kamu tahu, salah satunya bisa pengaruhi orang lain. Liputan 6. https://www.liputan6. com/lifestyle/read/3997622/6-fakta-unik-air-mata-yang-wajib-kamu-tahu-salah-satunya-bisa-pengaruhi-orang-lain
38. Ragini Ragavan & Che Ibrahim Salleh. (2015). Peribahasa Melayu dan peribahasa Tamil: Aspek sosial. Journal of Business and Social Development, 3(1), 66-75.
39. Rena Widyawinata. (2021, 21 April). Hidup Sehat: Ada banyak jenis, ini dia berbagai fakta menarik soal air mata. Sehat Q. https://www.sehatq.com/ artikel/manfaat-air-mata-dan-fungsinya
40. Ronny Hendrawan. (2008). Pusat penitipan bayi dan pendidikan anak balita di Surabaya Timur. Perpustakaan Universitas Dharma Cendika Surabaya.
41. Rozaimah Rashidin & Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2013). Metafora KASIH dalam teks Melayu tradisional: Analisis Teori Hibrid. Jurnal Linguistik, 17(1), 19-28.
42. Ruslan Zainuddin & Abd Sukor Yusof. (2019). Sejarah Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara (1800-2000) (ed. ke-3). Penerbit Fajar Bakti.
43. Saraswathy Kannan & Tamilmathi Arumugam. (2016). Buku teks bahasa Tamil Tahun 3 sekolah jenis kebangsaan Tamil. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
44. Sauntharapandian Singaram. (1998). Tamilil palamoli ilakiyam. Elakkumi Nilayam.
45. Siti Fatimah Salleh, Normadiah Daud & Saadan Man. (2014). Amalan pengambilan ibu susuan: Satu kajian sorotan terhadap dokumentasi bukti penyusuan. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa, 4(1), 113-134.
46. Siti Hajar Abdul Aziz, Siti Sarah Abdul Malek & Rahmat Ibrahim. (2014). Buku teks bahasa Melayu Tahun 4 sekolah kebangsaan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
47. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Basil Blackwell Publishing.
48. Tangamalar Manickam. (2014). Kajian terhadap pengurusan perayaan Thaipusam di Kuil Thanneermalai, Penang. [Projek tahun akhir, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia]. UNIMAS Institutional Repository. http:// ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/21276
49. Tangaprabu Murthy, Mary Fatimah Subet & Muhammad Zaid Daud. (2019). Kajian semantik inkuisitif dalam peribahasa Tamil: Imej tumbuhan. Jurnal Humanika, 11(1), 73-80.
50. Tendahl, M. (2009). A hybrid theory of metaphor: Relevance theory and cognitive linguistics. Palgrave Macmillan.
51. Vijaya Ramaswamy. (1993). Women and farm work in Tamil folk songs. Social Scientist, 21(9/11), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.2307/3520429
52. Zaid Mohd Zin & Wan Suhaila Wan Idris. (2017). Kajian persamaan makna peribahasa Melayu dan peribahasa Jepun. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya Jepun, 7(1), 19-33.
53. Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah & Ahmad Fuad Mat Hassan. (2011). Peribahasa Melayu: Penelitian makna dan nilai. Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published
2023-04-18
How to Cite
SHANMUGAM, Parameswary; SARUDIN, Anida.
The Operational Metaphor of Diligence Value in Malay and Tamil Proverbs: A Hybrid Theory Analysis.
Jurnal Bahasa, [S.l.], v. 23, n. 1, p. 33-64, apr. 2023.
ISSN 2462-1889.
Available at: <http://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8366>. Date accessed: 10 mar. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37052/jb23(1)no2.
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