Pilihan Bahasa Dan Vitaliti Dialek Melayu Satun Dalam Domain Keluarga Di Daerah Muang Satun, Thailand Berdasarkan Analisis Domain
Abstrak
Satun yang terletak bersempadan dengan negeri Perlis di utara semenanjung Malaysia merupakan destinasi pelancongan utama bagi pengunjung dari seluruh dunia, termasuklah pengunjung dari Malaysia. Faktor bahasa antara tarikan pelancong dari Malaysia, namun berdasarkan kajian lepas, dialek tempatan, iaitu dialek Melayu Satun (DMS), kini mula menunjukkan situasi ke arah peralihan bahasa. Oleh itu, kajian dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti pilihan bahasa dan menganalisis tahap vitaliti DMS dalam kalangan 124 pekerja produk pelancongan (PPP) di daerah Muang Satun bagi meneliti, sama ada pekerjaan (bidang pelancongan) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pilihan bahasa atau tidak dalam domain keluarga. Pendekatan yang mendasari kajian ini ialah analisis domain oleh Fishman (1972) dan Kerangka Tahap Keterancaman Bahasa UNESCO (LVE) (2011). Data dianalisis melalui tabulasi silang dalam perisian Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) versi 27 bagi mendapatkan peratusan pilihan bahasa mengikut kumpulan umur yang seterusnya dilakukan triangulasi melalui kerangka LVE (2011) bagi menentukan tahap vitaliti bahasa. Dapatan kajian berdasarkan peratusan pilihan bahasa PPP menunjukkan bahawa DMS masih berada pada Tahap 4, iaitu tahap stabil, namun terancam kerana masih digunakan pada tahap sederhana dalam kalangan penutur kumpulan tua dan kumpulan dewasa, tetapi makin kurang digunakan dalam kumpulan muda dalam semua subdomain yang dikaji. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahawa penggunaan DMS oleh PPP dalam domain keluarga mula menampakkan ciri peralihan bahasa. Oleh itu, PPP disarankan untuk mula mengambil langkah yang wajar bagi memastikan DMS terus kekal dan diwarisi oleh generasi seterusnya.
Kata kunci: Pilihan bahasa, kumpulan umur, pekerja produk pelancongan, Dialek Melayu Satun (DMS), vitaliti bahasa, peralihan bahasa
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Rujukan
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2. Asmah Haji Omar. (2019). Bahasa Melayu di dataran Asia Tenggara: Pendekatan sejarah dan geolinguistik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
3. Coluzzi, P, Riget, P. N., & Xiaomei Wang .(2013). Language vitality among the Bidayuh of Sarawak (East Malaysia). Oceanie Linguistics, 52(2), 375–395.
4. Coluzzi, P. (2017). The vitality of minority languages in Malaysia. Oceanic Linguistics 56(1), 210–225.
5. Coluzzi, P. (2010). Endangered languages in Borneo: A survey among the Iban and Murud (Lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei. Oceanic Linguistics. 49(1), 119–143.
6. Coluzzi, P, Riget, P. N., & Xiaomei Wang. (2017). Language vitality among the Orang Asli of Malaysia: The case of the Mah Meri on Telo ‘ Gunjeng (Carey Island, Selangor). International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 244, 137–161.
7. Coluzzi, P., Riget, P. N., & Kitade, R. (2018). Is the Baba Nyonya a doomed minority? A preliminary study on the vitality of Baba Malay in Melaka (Malaysia). Grazer Linguistische Studien, 89, 111–139. https://doi.org/10.25364/04.45:2018.89.6
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11. Fishman, J. A. (1972). Language in sociocultural change. (Essays by Joshua A. Fishman, selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil). Stanford University Press.
12. Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing language shift: Theory and practice of assistance to threatened languages. Multilingual Matters.
13. Giles, H., & Johnson, P. (1981). Ethnolinguistics identity theory: A social psychological approach to language maintenance. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 68, 69–99. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1987.68.69
14. Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with two languages, an introduction to bilingualism. Harvard University Press.
15. Hayati Lateh, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Harishon Radzi, & Ruslan Uthai. (2016). Bahasa Melayu di Satun Thailand. Dlm. Noraini Md. Yusof, Muhamad Azwan Abd Rahman & Najatulmuna Hamdan (Pnty.), [Prosiding] The Tenth International Malaysian Studies Conference (MSC10) Globalization and Regionalism: Malaysia in ASEAN (1869–1879). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
16. Hayati Lateh, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, & Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar. (2020). Pengekalan dan peralihan dialek Melayu Satun: Korelasi antara penggunaan bahasa dengan faktor umur penutur. Jurnal Linguistik, 24(2), 47–58.
17. Hayati Lateh, Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, & Chong Sin. (2023). Sikap dan persepsi penutur dialek Melayu Satun dalam pengekalan bahasa ibunda. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 11(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.17576/jatma-2023-1101-07
18. Holmes, J. (2013). An introduction to sociolinguistics (ed. ke-4). Pearson Education Limited.
19. Hotma Simanjuntak. (2017). Pengekalan dan peralihan bahasa dalam kalangan orang Batak Toba di Pontianak, Indonesia [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.
20. James, J., & Rosazman Hussin. (2021). Impak aktiviti pelancongan ke atas komuniti setempat: Tinjauan literatur. Journal of Borneo Social Transformation Studies, 7(1), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.51200/jobsts.v7i1.3612
21. Kamaruddin Isayah. (2019). Analisis pemilihan dan percampuran bahasa dalam masyarakat Melayu di Wilayah Sempadan Selatan Thailand [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
22. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sampel size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1971-03263-001
23. Leo, A. R., & Abdullah, A. N. (2013). Language choice and use of Malaysian Tamil Christian Youths: A Survey. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 4, 149–166.
24. Lilis Siti Sulistyaningsih, Mahmud Fasya, Yulia Pertiwi Faisol, Septia Sari Wulandari, & Riska Listhya. (2017). Maintenance of local identity through intergenerational mother tounge continuity in multilingual tourism society (Sociolinguistics study at Carita Beach and Tanjung Lesung [Pembentangan Kertas Kerja]. International Seminar on dialectology: Identity, attitude, and language variation “changes and development of language in social life”
25. Mohammed Azlan Mis. (2020). Pilihan bahasa dan Lingua Franca. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
26. Mohammad Fadzeli, Norsimah Mat Awal, Mohammed Azlan Mis, & Hayati Lateh. (2015). Bahasa sempadan Malaysia-Thailand: Pengekalan vs peralihan bahasa. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 5(1), 1–9.
27. Mohd Khaidir Abdul Wahab, & Dicky Wiwittan Toto Ngadiman. (2024). Pilihan bahasa dalam kalangan mahasiswa di Pulau Pinang dalam domain keluarga dan pendidikan. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v14i2.10482
28. Muhammad Ekmal. (2018). Pulau Koh Yao gamit rakyat Malaysia. Media Permata. https://mediapermata.com.bn/pulau-koh-yao-gamit-rakyat- malaysia/
29. Ni Made Dhanawaty, Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini, Ni Made Wiasti, & Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya. (2020). Language and social identity: Language choice and language attitude of diaspora communities in Bali. Pertanika. Journal of Social Science and Humanities. 28(2), 979–993.
30. Nomnian, S., Trupp, A., Niyomthong, W., Tangcharoensathaporn, P., & Charoenkongka, A. (2020). Language and community-based tourism: Use, needs, dependency, and limitations. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 13(1), 57–79.
31. Noraisikin Ghazali, Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, & Harishon Radzi. (2020). Peralihan bahasa dalam kalangan dua generasi cham Malaysia. Akademika, 90(2), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2020-9002-07
32. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Adriada Santa Tinggom, Siti Noraini Hamzah, & Hayati Lateh. (2019). Penyebaran dialek Melayu Satun di Langkawi dan di Thai: Satu kajian perbandingan berasaskan geographic information system (GIS). GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 19(1), 77–96. http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1901-05
33. Noriah Mohamed, & Omar Yusoff. (2010). Tinjauan identiti dan bahasa hibrid dalam kalangan Samsam, Baba Nyonya dan Jawi Peranakan di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Jurnal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, 28(8), 35–61. https://myjurnal.mohe.gov.my/public/article-view.php?id=13877
34. Norizah Ardi, & Nor Hisham Osman. (2010). Pemeliharaan bahasa ibunda dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam di Satun, Thailand. http://mabbim.dbp.my/wordpress/wp_content/uploads/2015/04/03_Dr._Noriz ah_Ardi Malaysia_pdf
35. Roscoe, J. T. (1975) Fundamental research statistics for the behavioral sciences. (ed. ke-2). Holt Rinehart and Winstoneds.
36. Sa’adiah Ma’alip. (2019). Tahap keterancaman bahasa masyarakat kreol di Melaka. Akademika, 89(Isu khas), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2019-89SI-10
37. Saidatul Nornis Mahali, Aisyah Tamby Omar, & Wong Mee Mee. (2022). Domain dan pemilihan bahasa generasi muda murut di daerah Keningau, Sabah. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 2(33). 119–139. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2203-07
38. Sanmamood, N. (2024). Perceived needs and problems of English use among vendors at satun tourism objects in (South) Thailand. Universitas Islam Indonesia.dspace.uii.ac.id/123456789/51799
39. Satun Travel Guide. (2025). https://www.asiakingtravel.com/attraction/satunBagi
40. Siebenhütter, S. (2021) Language practices and attitudes among young minority language speakers in Thailand, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 42(7), 595–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1711102
41. Siti Noraini Hamzah. (2018). Penyebaran bunyi dan leksikal dialek-dialek di Perak: Analisis geolinguistik [Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/497627
42. Sumaiyah Menjamin. (2018). Bentuk sapaan dalam bahasa Melayu Dialek Satun, Thailand Selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra (MABASAN), 11(1), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.26499/mab.v11i1.52.
43. Teo Kok Seong. (2000). Sosiolinguistik. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
44. The Labour Force Survey 2022–2023. (2024). Satun Provincial Statistical Report. https://satun.nso.go.th/reports-publications/provincial-statistics-report/satun-provincial-statistical-report-2023.html
45. Tomioka, Y. (2019). Language attitudes towards Kuay and Bru: Case studies in Surin and Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand [Pembentangan Kertas Kerja]. 8th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics the Myanmar Center at the Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Thailand (29-31 Ogos 2019).
46. Tourism and travel-related services. World Trade Organizations (WTO). Dicapai daripada https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e//serv_e/tourism_e/tourism_e.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com
47. UNESCO. (2003). Language vitality and endangerment. International Expert Meeting on UNESCO Programme Safeguarding of Endangered Languages. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000183699
48. UNESCO. (2011). Language vitality and endangerment. International Expert Meeting on UNESCO Programme Safeguarding of Endangered Languages. https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00120-EN.pdf
49. Warid Charoenrad (2022). A study of usage phenomenon on Melayu verbs of motion in La-Ngu district, Satun Province. Academic Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(3), 82–94.
Telah diterbitkan
2025-11-28
Bagaimana untuk memetik sitasi
Abdullah, J., & Abdul Wahab, M.
(2025).
Pilihan Bahasa Dan Vitaliti Dialek Melayu Satun Dalam Domain Keluarga Di Daerah Muang Satun, Thailand Berdasarkan Analisis Domain.
Jurnal Bahasa, 25(2), 205-234.
doi:10.37052/jb25(2)no1
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