Lakuan Bahasa dalam Perkhidmatan Pelancongan di Tasik Toba
Abstrak
Kerajaan Indonesia menetapkan Tasik Toba sebagai satu daripada destinasi pelancongan kebangsaan dengan status super prioriti, iaitu kawasan yang mendapat perhatian khusus dalam program pembangunan pelancongan. Seiring dengan kedudukan ini, peningkatan mutu perkhidmatan pelancongan menjadi aspek penting, termasuklah dalam penggunaan lakuan bahasa oleh penyedia perkhidmatan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis lakuan bahasa dalam laras bahasa perkhidmatan pelancongan di kawasan Tasik Toba dengan menggunakan teori lakuan bahasa yang dikemukakan oleh Searle (1969). Data kajian diperoleh daripada interaksi komunikasi dalam tiga sektor perkhidmatan pelancongan, iaitu penginapan, penjualan cenderamata dan restoran. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sektor penginapan memperlihatkan tiga kategori lakuan bahasa, iaitu lakuan direktif, lakuan asertif dan lakuan ekspresif, dengan empat fungsi lakuan bahasa. Sektor penjualan cenderamata pula memperlihatkan empat kategori lakuan bahasa, iaitu lakuan direktif, asertif, ekspresif dan komisif, dengan enam fungsi lakuan bahasa. Sektor restoran turut memperlihatkan empat kategori lakuan bahasa yang sama, namun dengan lapan fungsi lakuan bahasa. Semua fungsi ini penting untuk memperkukuh keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan dan meningkatkan pengalaman pelancong di Tasik Toba.
Kata kunci: Lakuan bahasa, laras bahasa, pragmatik, perkhidmatan pelancongan, Tasik Toba, komunikasi pelancongan
Teks penuh: PDF
Rujukan
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19. Mogot, G. I. R., Warouw, D. M. D., & Waleleng, G. J. (2018). Komunikasi antar budaya mahasiswa etnis Batak dengan mahasiswa etnis Jawa di kampus IPDN SULUT. ACTA DIURNA KOMUNIKASI, 7(4). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/actadiurnakomunikasi/article/view/22010
20. Nugroho Adi Bagus, Lestari Puji, & Wiendijarti Ida. (2012). Pola komunikasi antarbudaya Batak dan Jawa di Yogyakarta. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 1(5), 403. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v1i5.44
21. Potočnik Topler, J. (2018). Turning travelogue readers into tourists: Representations of tourism destinations through linguistic features. Cuadernos de Turismo, 42, 447–464. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.42.20
22. Pujiono Mhd, & Nelvita. (2017). The lexical interference of Bataknese language into Japanese language amongst students in Universitas Sumatera Utara. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(4), 216–222.
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26. Rijal Andy Samsu. (2022). Penggunaan Bahasa dalam Ranah Pariwisata; Studi di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 5(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.73287
27. Roswati Abdul Rashid, Rosila Isma Ismail, Radhiah Ismail, & Roslina Mamat. (2017). Ketidaksantunan dalam perbualan bahasa Jepun oleh pemandu pelancong Malaysia (Impoliteness in Japanese Language by Malaysian Tourist Guide). GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 17(3), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017-1703-06
28. Saragih Elza Leyli Lisnora, Mulyadi, Nasution Khairina, & Pujiono Mhd. (2023). Positive strategies of language politeness across tourism service actors: A cross-cultural socio-pragmatic study. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.58256/wzav3v64
29. Sarmoko, Novianti Evi, & Rizal Edwin. (2023). Penguatan destination branding untuk menarik investor dalam pengembangan pariwisata Danau Toba. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 4(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31294/khi.v11i2.8552
30. Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
31. Searle, J. R. (1976). A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society, 5(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500006837
32. Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609213
33. Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality, an essay in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173452
34. Setpres, B. (2019). Presiden ingin Danau Toba jadi kawasan wisata berkelas. BIRO PERS, MEDIA, DAN INFORMASI SEKRETARIAT PRESIDEN. https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-ingin-danau-toba-jadi-kawasan-wisata-berkelas/
35. Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Sanata Dharma University Press.
36. Tarigan Nirwaty, Sitompul Rajin, & Salsabila Syafina. (2021). Strategi pemasaran dinas kebudayaan dan pariwisata provinsi sumatera utara terhadap danau toba sebagai destinasi pariwisata super prioritas. Jurnal Ilmiah Akomodasi Agung, 8(2). https://journal.akpardarmaagung.ac.id/index.php/JIAA/article/view/91
37. Taulia, & Nasution Laraiba. (2021). Mandarin Language Students Illocutionary Acts in Japanese Language Learning at the University of Sumatera Utara. Journal Polingua: Scientific Journal of Linguistic Literatura and Education, 10(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.30630/polingua.v10i1.166
38. Usmani Saima, & Almashham Amal. (2024). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Analysing Speech Acts in Different Cultures. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 6(1), 186–198. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v6i1.1586
39. Wan Nor Azlina Abdullah, & Mohamad Rozi Kasim. (2024). Analisis Lakuan Pertuturan dalam Filem Adiwiraku Menggunakan Teori Lakuan Pertuturan Searle. Jurnal Bahasa, 24(2), 267–298. https://doi.org/10.37052/jb24(2)no4
40. Xu Xiaowei, Xian Xiaojing, Zhang Mengying, & Shi Si. (2025). Face matters: leveraging service robots for promoting travelers’ high-effort pro-environmental intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2523914
2. An Gang, & Lin Tan Debbita Ai. (2024). Enhancing cross-cultural communication for Chinese tourists in non-native English-speaking destinations: a study of sociolinguistic competence and politeness challenges. Global Chinese, 10(2), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2023-0041
3. Andriyani Anak Agung Ayu Dian, Djatmika, & Sumarlam, Ely Triasih Rahayu. (2019). Learning from the face-threatening acts by tourist workers in bali: Impacts of cross-cultural misunderstanding. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(3), 64–81. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85073444197&origin=inward
4. Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford University Press.
5. Bowerman, S. (2006). Language Adaptation and Modernization. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (pp. 315–319). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01287-6
6. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2025). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches (Fifth Edit). Sage Publications.
7. Darmawan Rahmat, Mulyadi, Setia Eddy, & Oktavianus. (2018). Language aspect of form in Samosir’s tourism public signs: A linguistic landscape study. International Journal of Research and Review, 5(12), 73–79. https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.5_Issue.12_Dec2018/IJRR0013.pdf
8. Dat Le Phuoc Thanh, & Nguyen Quoc Nghi. (2023). Factors Influencing the Complaint Intention and its Relationship with Word-of-Mouth Intention of Foreign Tourists: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(3), e452. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i3.452
9. Downing, R. Á. H. (2020). Variación de estilo en interacciones digitales: huéspedes y hoteles en reseñas TripAdvisor. Doxa Comunicación. Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudios de Comunicación y Ciencias Sociales, 361–380. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n31a18
10. Fahnestock, J. (2011). Language Varieties. In Rhetorical Style (pp. 79–99). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764129.003.0005
11. Geyer, K., Kraeva, S., & Krasnopeyeva, E. (Eds.). (2024). Sprachliche Variation und Vielfalt / Linguistic Variation and Diversity. Peter Lang Verlag. https://doi.org/10.3726/b21245
12. Harianja Eka Debora, Harahap R. Hamdani, & Lubis Zulkifli. (2021). Budaya Batak Toba dalam Pelayanan Pariwisata Danau Toba di Parapat. PERSPEKTIF, 10(2), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v10i2.4306
13. Kelmendi, L., & Hysenaj, V. (2024). Teaching English for Tourism: A Case Study in Kosovo. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 15(5), 1402–1408. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1505.02
14. Liat, C. B., Mansori, S., Abu, N. K., & Seng, Y. C. (2020). Tourist Satisfaction in the Malaysia Tourism Industry: Relationship between Service Innovation and Destination Image. Jurnal Pengurusan, 60, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2020-60-06
15. López, M. de la O. H., & Amaya, L. F. (2019). What makes (im)politeness for travellers? Spanish tourists’ perceptions at national and international hotels. Journal of Politeness Research, 15(2), 195–222. https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2016-0060
16. Mancera Rueda, A. (2018). La atenuación lingüística en las reseñas digitales de hoteles y restaurantes en español. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a La Comunicación, 73, 53–76. https://doi.org/10.5209/CLAC.59059
17. Manurung Linarti, Matondang Saiful Anwar, & Pawiro Muhammad Ali. (2023). Speech acts in the wedding of Batak Toba ethnic at Jangga Toruan village, Kecamatan Lumban Julu Kabupaten Toba Samosir. JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, 5(2), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.30743/jol.v5i2.7901
18. Márquez Reiter, R., Hidalgo Downing, R., & Iveson, M. (2023). Global expectations, local realities: All-inclusive hotel reviews and responses on TripAdvisor. Contrastive Pragmatics, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660393-bja10086
19. Mogot, G. I. R., Warouw, D. M. D., & Waleleng, G. J. (2018). Komunikasi antar budaya mahasiswa etnis Batak dengan mahasiswa etnis Jawa di kampus IPDN SULUT. ACTA DIURNA KOMUNIKASI, 7(4). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/actadiurnakomunikasi/article/view/22010
20. Nugroho Adi Bagus, Lestari Puji, & Wiendijarti Ida. (2012). Pola komunikasi antarbudaya Batak dan Jawa di Yogyakarta. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 1(5), 403. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v1i5.44
21. Potočnik Topler, J. (2018). Turning travelogue readers into tourists: Representations of tourism destinations through linguistic features. Cuadernos de Turismo, 42, 447–464. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.42.20
22. Pujiono Mhd, & Nelvita. (2017). The lexical interference of Bataknese language into Japanese language amongst students in Universitas Sumatera Utara. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(4), 216–222.
23. Pujiono Mhd. (2022). Interferensi leksikal bahasa Indonesia terhadap bahasa Jepang (studi kasus pada mahasiswa bahasa Jepang di Indonesia. Pustaka Aksara.
24. Purnomo Budi. (2011). Tourism-Service Language: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Politeness. Humaniora,
23(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.1021
25. Rasa Maria Puspita Destaningtyas Bening, Andayani, & Ulya Chafit. (2019). Analisis Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dalam Dialog Naskah Drama Peace Karya Putu Wijaya dan Relevansinya dengan Materi Ajar Sastra di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Basastra: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 7(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.20961/basastra.v7i1.35499
26. Rijal Andy Samsu. (2022). Penggunaan Bahasa dalam Ranah Pariwisata; Studi di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 5(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.73287
27. Roswati Abdul Rashid, Rosila Isma Ismail, Radhiah Ismail, & Roslina Mamat. (2017). Ketidaksantunan dalam perbualan bahasa Jepun oleh pemandu pelancong Malaysia (Impoliteness in Japanese Language by Malaysian Tourist Guide). GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 17(3), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017-1703-06
28. Saragih Elza Leyli Lisnora, Mulyadi, Nasution Khairina, & Pujiono Mhd. (2023). Positive strategies of language politeness across tourism service actors: A cross-cultural socio-pragmatic study. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.58256/wzav3v64
29. Sarmoko, Novianti Evi, & Rizal Edwin. (2023). Penguatan destination branding untuk menarik investor dalam pengembangan pariwisata Danau Toba. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 4(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31294/khi.v11i2.8552
30. Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
31. Searle, J. R. (1976). A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society, 5(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500006837
32. Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609213
33. Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality, an essay in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173452
34. Setpres, B. (2019). Presiden ingin Danau Toba jadi kawasan wisata berkelas. BIRO PERS, MEDIA, DAN INFORMASI SEKRETARIAT PRESIDEN. https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-ingin-danau-toba-jadi-kawasan-wisata-berkelas/
35. Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Sanata Dharma University Press.
36. Tarigan Nirwaty, Sitompul Rajin, & Salsabila Syafina. (2021). Strategi pemasaran dinas kebudayaan dan pariwisata provinsi sumatera utara terhadap danau toba sebagai destinasi pariwisata super prioritas. Jurnal Ilmiah Akomodasi Agung, 8(2). https://journal.akpardarmaagung.ac.id/index.php/JIAA/article/view/91
37. Taulia, & Nasution Laraiba. (2021). Mandarin Language Students Illocutionary Acts in Japanese Language Learning at the University of Sumatera Utara. Journal Polingua: Scientific Journal of Linguistic Literatura and Education, 10(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.30630/polingua.v10i1.166
38. Usmani Saima, & Almashham Amal. (2024). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Analysing Speech Acts in Different Cultures. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 6(1), 186–198. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v6i1.1586
39. Wan Nor Azlina Abdullah, & Mohamad Rozi Kasim. (2024). Analisis Lakuan Pertuturan dalam Filem Adiwiraku Menggunakan Teori Lakuan Pertuturan Searle. Jurnal Bahasa, 24(2), 267–298. https://doi.org/10.37052/jb24(2)no4
40. Xu Xiaowei, Xian Xiaojing, Zhang Mengying, & Shi Si. (2025). Face matters: leveraging service robots for promoting travelers’ high-effort pro-environmental intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2523914
Telah diterbitkan
2025-11-28
Bagaimana untuk memetik sitasi
Taulia, T., Pujiono, M., & Gapur, A.
(2025).
Lakuan Bahasa dalam Perkhidmatan Pelancongan di Tasik Toba.
Jurnal Bahasa, 25(2), 371-400.
doi:10.37052/jb25(2)no7
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