Management of Marriage within the Rohingya Community in Malaysia from the Perspectives of Law and Sharia
(Pengurusan Perkahwinan Masyarakat Rohingya di Malaysia Menurut Perspektif Undang-Undang dan Syariah)
Abstract
A lack of policy and regulatory frameworks to administer and recognize marriage institutions especially among Rohingya refugees in Malaysia gives rise to various legal and social implications, non-compliance with Sharia law, as well as complications in the process of refugee resettlement to third countries. This research aims to discuss this issue including its repercussions from the legal and Sharia perspectives in Malaysia. It employs a qualitative methodology using library research and semi-structured interviews based on the purposive sampling technique with a number of respondents from the Islamic Religious Departments of Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Negeri Sembilan. These three states were selected taking into consideration their socio-economic conditions and employment opportunities, which serve as attractive destinations for migrants and refugees from various countries. This study reveals that the unrecognized legal status of refugees complicates the registration of Rohingya marriages in this country. Additionally, state autonomy in setting out the policies, laws and guidelines on the registration of marriages and divorces of Muslim refugees in Malaysia creates divergence in the management of their marriages. A streamlined and detailed set of guidelines should be finalized between the states and the relevant federal agencies so that marriages among Muslim refugees, including the Rohingya, can be better regulated, culminating in preservation of their rights and of Islamic law.
Keywords: Birth registration, Islamic Religious Department, legal identity, marriage, refugees, Rohingya, UNHCR
References
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Zainal Abidin, S. (2018, 6 Julai). Perkahwinan dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Rohingya dari Perspektif JAWI [Temu bual].
Zi Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v Selangor Islamic Religious Department &Ors [2018] 5 MLJ 814.
Akta Imigresen 1959/1963 (Akta 155).
al-Bakri, Zulkifli bin Mohamad. (1969). Al-Fiqh Al Manhaji: Kekeluargaan Islam dalam Fiqh Al Syafi'i. Bandar Baru Bangi Selangor: Darul Syakir Enterprise.
al-Khallaf, Abdul Wahhab. (1956). Ilmi al - Usul al - Fiqh. Cairo: Dar al - I'tisam.
al-Wafa, Ahmad Abu. (2013). Haqq al-Luju' fi al-Islam. https://www.al-forqan.net/articles/2993.html. Diakses: 19 Julai 2018.
al-Zuhaili,Wahbah. (1986). Al-Fiqh al-Islami. 84 Dasmascus: Dar al-Fikr.
Ali, N. (2014). Cabaran-cabaran Pelarian Rohingya Muslim: Kajian Kes Di Pulau Pinang. Kertas kerja dibentangkan di Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS), anjuran Universiti Sains Malaysia, 21 Oktober, Pulau Pinang.
Badan Perundangan Negeri Selangor. (2003). Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003. (Pindaan Sel. En. 13/2003).
Chee Din, M.A., Rahmat, H. & Mashudi, R. (2011). Pregnancy and Discrimination: Effect of the case Beatrice a/p At Fernandez v Sistem Penerbangan Malaysia and Others. International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management, 19(2) (May-August), 29-33.
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages. (1962). United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 521,p 231. Diakses dari https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/minimumageformarriage.aspx.
Convention on the Rights of the Child. (1990). United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p 3. http://gulfmigration.eu/database/legal_module/International%20Instruments/
Migration%20and%20Universal%20Human%20Rights/6.1%20CRC_EN.pdf
Deklarasi Hak Asasi Manusia. (1948). http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html
Deklarasi Kaherah Hak Asasi Manusia Islami. (1990, 5 Ogos). https://www.yumpu.com/id/document/view/39034984/deklarasi-kaherah-mengenai-hak-asasi-manusia-dalam-islam-jawi. Diakses: 19 Julai 2018.
Equal Rights Trust. (2016). Confined Spaces: Legal Protections for Rohingya in Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand. Dimuat turun daripada http://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/Confined%20Spaces_0.pdf [Diakses 18 Julai 2018].
Faisal Islam. (2018, 10 Ogos). Perkahwinan dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Rohingya: Kesan Ketiadaan Sijil Perkahwinan yang Diiktiraf. [Temubual]
Gan, Pei Ling. (2017, 13 Disember). 'Give female refugees work to reduce domestic violence, Tenaganita tells Putrajaya'. The Malaysian Insight https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/27450. Diakses: 18 Julai 2018.
Hamzah, Intan Suria, Daud, S. & Idris, N.A. (2016). Pelarian Rohingya dan Isu-Isu Kontemporari di Malaysia. GEOGRAFIA online, Malaysian Journal of Society & Space, 12(9): 11 - 23.
Ibrahim, A. (2018, 13 Julai). Perkahwinan dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Rohingya Dari Perspektif JHEINS [Temu bual].
Ibrahim, N., Mohd Zin, N., Abdul Hak, N., Che Soh, R., Hashim, N., Mohd, A., Abd Malek, N., & Mohd Kamal, M.H. (2014). Family Law (Non-Muslims) in Malaysia. Gombak: IIUM Press.
International Convention on Civil and Political Rights. (1966). United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 999, p 171.
Jabatan Imigresen. (2018). Entry Permit. http://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/entry-passes.html). Diakses: 20 Julai 2018.
Jabatan Imigresen, 'Application for Foreign Worker: Item 4 on Important Matters relating to the Application for a Foreign Worker, paragraphs 4(ii) and (ix), http://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/foreign-worker/7-perkhidmatan-utama/292-application-for-foreign-worker)
Justice Dato' Hj Abdul Malik bin Hj Ishak. Relationship between the Federal and the State Governments in times of Emergency and other related matters thereto - A General Perspective.[2005] 2 MLJ lxxxii.
Khin, M., al-Bugha, M. & al-Sharbaji, A. (1992). Fiqh al-Manhaji ala Mazhab al-Imam al-Shafei (Jld. 4.). Damsyik: Dar al-Qalam.
Konvensyen Geneva Mengenai Status Pelarian 1951 dan Protokol 1967.
Malaysiakini. (8 Jun 2011). Gadis Mohon Bantuan Untuk Kahwin Jejaka Burma.https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/166332. Diakses 20 Julai 2018
Marskell, J. & Sorchik, R. (2018). Bali Process Civil Registration Assessment Toolkit (Version 3.0).https://www.baliprocess.net/UserFiles/baliprocess/File/Bali%20Process%
20Civil%20Registration%20Assessment%20Toolkit%20FINAL.pdf [Diakses: 19 Julai 2018].
Minit Mesyuarat Persidangan Ketua Penolong Pendaftar Nikah Cerai dan Rujuk (KPNCR) kali ke 32. 6-8 Mei 2015. JAKIM.
Mohamed Razali, R. (2017). Addressing Statelessness in Malaysia: New Hope and Remaining Challenges. Statelessness Working Paper Series No. 2017/9. Tilburg: Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322223004_Addressing_Statelessness_
in_Malaysia_New_Hope_and_Remaining_Challenges. Diakses 5 Julai 2019.
Neo, Jaclyn Ling-Chien., (2003). Anti-God, Anti-Islam and Anti-Quran: Expanding The Range of Participants and Parameters in Discourse over Women's Rights and Islam in Malaysia. Ucla Pacific Basin Law Journal, 21(1), 29-74
Nik Hussin, N.S. (2018, 16 Julai). Perkahwinan Dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Rohingya dari Perspektif JAIS [Temu bual].
Pok Suan Tan. (2006). Kehidupan Rohingya di Malaysia: Perjuangan dalam Ketidakpastian Hidup. Akademika 68 (Januari), 111-122. http://ejournal.ukm.my/akademika/article/view/603/564.
Perlembagaan Persekutuan 1957.
Sayyid Sabiq. (t.t).Fiqh al-Sunnah. Juz II, 50.
Sinar Harian. (2016, 30 Disember). Apa Nasib Etnik Rohingya di Malaysia. http://www.sinarharian.com.my/nasional/apa-nasib-etnik-rohingya-di-malaysia-1.604592. Diakses: 3 Julai 2018.
Subramaniyam Subakaran v Public Prosecutor [2007] 1 CLJ 470 (HC).
The Straits Times. (7 Jun 2017). Rohingya men who enter Malaysia looking to marry elderly widows.https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/rohingya-men-who-enter-malaysia-looking-to-marry-elderly-widows. Diakses: 18 Julai 2018.
UNHCR. (2017). Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-Refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Its 1967 Protocol. https://www.unhcr.org/4d9486929.pdf Diakses: 10 Mei 2019
UNHCR (a). (2018). Figures at a Glance. http://www.unhcr.org/en-my/figures-at-a-glance-in-malaysia.html. Diakses: 20 Julai 2018.
UNHCR (b). (2018). Malaysia: Resettlement. http://www.unhcr.org/resettlement.html. Diakses: 25 Ogos 2018.
UNHCR. (2020). Figures at a Glance in Malaysia. https://www.unhcr.org/en-my/figures-at-a-glance-in-malaysia.html. Diakses: 10 Februari 2020.
Utusan Malaysia. (2017, 10 April). Asal Nampak Alim Boleh Jadi Jurunikah. http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/utama/video-derita-rohingya-asal-nampak-alim-boleh-jadi-jurunikah-1.467326. Diakses: 20 Julai 2018.
Wilayah Persekutuan. (1984). Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984. (Pindaan P.U.(A)247/2002.).
Yahaya, K. & Mansor, N. (2017, 10 April). Derita Rohingya: Asal Nampak Alim Boleh Jadi Jurunikah.http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/utama/video-derita-rohingya-asal-nampak-alim-boleh-jadi-jurunikah-1.467326. Diakses: 3 Julai 2017.
Zainal Abidin, S. (2018, 6 Julai). Perkahwinan dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Rohingya dari Perspektif JAWI [Temu bual].
Zi Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v Selangor Islamic Religious Department &Ors [2018] 5 MLJ 814.
Published
2020-07-02
How to Cite
MAMAT, Zulfaqar; MOHAMED RAZALI, Rodziana.
Management of Marriage within the Rohingya Community in Malaysia from the Perspectives of Law and Sharia.
Kanun: Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, [S.l.], v. 32, n. 2, p. 243-274, july 2020.
ISSN 2682-8057.
Available at: <https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Kanun/article/view/7091>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
Section
Articles
